- chapter 18: Political systems and law –
96 Liv. 4.23.5; 4.25.7–8; 4.61.2; 5.1;6.2.2.
97 Liv. 6.2.2.
98 Liv. 1.30.5; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3.32.1.
99 Liv. 6.2.2.
100 The rescript refers to a festival that alternated between Volsinii and the Umbrian city of
Hispellum, in which the rescript was found (CIL XI.5265). See also Bradley, G. J. 2000.
Ancient Umbria: State, culture, and identity in central Italy from the Iron Age to the Augustan
era. Oxford: Oxford University Press and K. Tabata, 1995. “The Date and Setting of the
Constantinian Inscription of Hispellum,” in Studi Classici e Orientali 45, 369–405.
101 Prop. 4.2.2–4. Additionally, the comment of Valerius Maximus, where he says that Volsinii
“Etruriae caput habebatur,” may also be a clue (Val. Max. 9.1.ext.2).
102 Stopponi, 2007; Harris 2007; Stopponi 2011.
103 Haynes 2000, 135.
104 Servius ad Aen. 10.172. However, Populonia could have taken the place of Veii once it was
destroyed (Heurgon 1957, 86).
105 Briquel 1994, 358; Liv. 5.17.7.
106 Servius Aen. 8.475; Liv. 5.1.5; Dion Hal. Ant. Rom. 3.61.2.
107 Liv. 5.1.5.
108 Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3.61.2. Strabo 5.2.2 describes an Etruria that at one time was united
under one authority and carried out successful military ventures.
109 Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3.51.4, 3.57.1; see also 3.57.5 and 3.59.3–4.
110 Livy 2.9; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 21; Plut. Public. 16.
111 Plin. HN 2.54.140.
112 Plin. HN 36.19.91 and Flor. 1.4.1. For a discussion of this status, see Di Fazio 2000, 396;
Capdeville 1993, 68; Jannot 1984, 403–406; Pallottino 1993, 20.
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