- Enrico Benelli –
frequently in abridged forms; the personal name (praenomen) introduced after manumission
is often omitted. I suspect that in name forms like, for instance, Haśti Preśnteś lavtnita (REE
71, 66) it is the freedperson’s family name (= his/her former individual name as slave) that is
lacking: anyway, in most similar cases (like the present one) archaeological dating shows that
the burial belongs to a very late period, and it is highly likely that their manumission took
place under Roman law (after 90 bc); if this is the case, the freedperson’s family name will be
identical with their former master’s one (see below).
32 The exceptions are very few, and for the best part are referred to the fi rst century bc, and to
freedpeople originating from immigrant, non-native families.
33 see Benelli 2012.
34 Waldstein 1986 provides the most comprehensive review about this topic. The evidence
from burial customs seems to suggest that the Etruscan lautni were more independent from
their former masters’ families than the Roman liberti: but this same evidence could be read
otherwise (for instance, it is possible that freeborn families, especially of higher status, simply
could not accept sharing their tombs with their former slaves).
35 These occurrences are not recognized in the lists by Rix 1994, pp. 100–106: see Benelli 2009,
pp. 309–310, nn. 21–22.
36 Kaimio 1975, p. 195; the inscription is cited above, n. 30.
37 Rix 1994, pp. 66–67, with references.
38 The reading of this inscription in ET is untenable.
39 Ambrosini 2002, pp. 233 n. 119; 428–430.
40 Cf. the praenomina Dazimas, MLM 6 Cae. (masculine); Dazomas, MLM 4 Cae., 21 Gn., 27 Gn.,
23 Ro. (masculine); Dazoma, MLM 3 Ro. (feminine), and other related forms.
41 See Feruglio 1995, pp. 29–52, with references.
BIBLIOGRAPHYAmbrosini, L. (2002) Thymiateria etruschi in bronzo di età tardo classica, alto e medioellenistica, Rome:
“L’ERMA” di Bretschneider.
Aubert, J.-J. (2009) “Productive investments in agriculture: instrumentum fundi and peculium in the
later Roman republic,” in J. Carlsen and E. Lo Cascio (eds), Agricoltura e scambi nell’Italia tardo-
repubblicana, Bari: Edipuglia, pp. 167–185.
Auliard, C. (2002) “Les esclaves dans les butins républicains des premiers siècles de la conquête”
in M. Garrido-Hory (ed.), Routes et marchés d’esclaves. 26e colloque du GIREA (Besançon 2001),
Paris: Presses universitaires Franc-comtoises, pp. 51–64.
Benelli, E. (1996) “Sui cosiddetti penesti etruschi,” La Parola del Passato 51, pp. 335–344.
——(2003) “Una misconosciuta nota di Gustav Herbig e l’etrusco etera” in Miscellanea etrusco-
italica III, Rome: C.N.R, pp. 209–221.
——(2009) “La società chiusina fra la guerra annibalica e l’età di Augusto. Osservazioni
archeologiche ed epigrafi che,” Ostraka 18, pp. 303–322.
——(2012) “Matrimoni misti e identità in cambiamento: Chiusi da città etrusca a municipio
romano” in S. Marchesini (ed.), Matrimoni misti: una via per l’integrazione tra i popoli. Atti del
convegno (Verona-Trento 2011), Trento, pp. 103–109. Trento: Provincia Autonoma di Trento.
Bradley, K. (2011) “Slavery in the Roman Republic” in Bradley and Cartledge, pp. 241–264.
Bradley, K. and P. Cartledge (eds) (2011) The Cambridge world history of slavery, 1, The ancient
Mediterranean world, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Briquel, D. (1993) Les Tyrrhènes peuple des tours. Denys d’Halicarnasse et l’autochtonie des Étrusques,
Rome (Collection de l’École Française de Rome, 178).
Capozza, M. (1966) Movimenti servili nel mondo romano in età repubblicana, I. Dal 501 al 184 a. Cr.,
Rome: “L’ERMA” di Bretschneider.