- Claudio Bizzarri –
24 A good reproduction can be seen in Adam 1984, p. 11.
25 Coarelli 1991, p. 35 ff.
26 The term “scolmatore” refers to a canal, in this case subterranean, that deviates the water from
a basin when it reaches the high water mark, discharging it elsewhere.
27 Traditionally it is said that the waters of the lake fl ooded even though it had not rained – a
prodigious event – and that then the drainage canal (scolmatore) was created on indication of
an augur from Veio captured by the Romans and on indications received from the Delphic
oracle, since the water of the lake must not be mixed with that of the sea, that is fl ow off
normally, or Veio would not be taken or even Rome would fall; Cic. De div. I 44, 100; II 32,
69: si lacus Albanus redundasset isque in mare fl uxisset Romam perituram; si repressus esset Veios (see
Ferri 2009, p. 222).
28 See in this regard what Coarelli wrote in Coarelli 1991, p. 36 ff.; an excellent example of how
integration concerned with the antique sources and archaeological evidence can contribute to
the correct interpretation of historical events.
29 Castellani-Dragoni 1991, p.43 ff.
30 Pesaro 2005, pp. 106–111.
31 Paoletti 1984, p. 119 ff.; for a reconstruction of the dioptra see Adam 1984, p. 9.
32 Adam 1984, p. 16.
33 Strabo, Geog., 14.1.37; see note 22.
34 For an updated bibliography on Crocefi sso del Tufo see Feruglio 2007, pp. 275–328.
35 This brings us back to the original hypothesis, where mention was made of various socio-
cultural levels.
36 Bizzarri 2007, pp. 317–350.
37 The fi rst “special” law for Orvieto and Todi was n.545, voted during 1987.
38 Adolfo Cozza would study some cuniculi at the end of the nineteenth century but his work
would be published only in 1972 (Cozza – Pasqui 1972).
39 Minto 1934, p. 89 ff.
40 The excavation was carried out by the company Archeostudio s.n.c., whose members I would
like to thank for letting me present for the fi rst time some data.
41 Perali 1928, p. 79, n. 66, pl. V, n. 37.
42 Vitruvius 6.3.
43 The wall was discovered by Mario Bizzarri in the 1960s and its importance was immediately
clear since it partially solved one of the problems connected with the identifi cation of Volsinii
with the city of Orvieto, in line with the description by Procopius of Caesarea in his Bellum
Gothorum, where he describes an imposing wall as an element that characterized Etruscan
Volsinii (Bizzarri 1966; Feruglio 1998a, pp. 107 ff.).
44 Feruglio 1998b, p. 94 ff. and plans p. 90.
45 Bizzarri 1998.
46 Davanzo 2007.
47 Gamurrini 1881.
48 Perali 1928, where he also attempts an archaeological map of the city.
BIBLIOGRAPHYAdam, J.-P. (1984) L’arte di costruire presso i Romani. Materiali e tecniche, Longanesi. (English edition:
Roman Building. Materials and Techniques, trans. A. Mathews, London: Batsford).
Ancillotti, A. and Cerri, R. (1996) Le tavole di Gubbio e La Civiltà degli Umbri, Perugia: Jama.
Bizzarri, M. (1963–1964) “Una importante scoperta per l’antica topografi a di Orvieto” in Bollettino
dell’Istituto Storico Artistico Orvietano, XIX–XX, pp. 118–125.
Bizzarri, C. (1998) “Area archeologica di palazzo Monaldeschi” in Bruschetti, Feruglio, pp. 99–
106.