- chapter 39: The art of the Etruscan armourer –
NOTES1 Turfa 2005, 111.
2 Lanuvium: Zevi 1993, 434–437. Development: Jarva 1995, 30–32.
3 Vulci: Cahn 1989, 84–86. Bomarzo: Buranelli 1992, 96; Buranelli and Sannibale 1998, 229–
- Orvieto: Adembri 1982, 77–78; Karlsruhe: Hagemann 1919, 47. Falerii: Zimmermann
4 Italiote: Peltz 2004. Vulci: Connolly 1986, 118; Treister 2001, 209–210.
5 Lanuvium: Zevi 1993, 417–419. Innovation: Connolly 2006, 99; Stary 1979, 196 is less sure.
Vetulonia, Chiusi swords: Mapelli 2006. Montefi ascone: Pansieri and Leoni 1966.
6 Lanuvium: Zevi 1993, 431–434. Such highly decorative helmets have been labeled prunkhelme
(Egg 1988, 250–254), a better description than “parade helmet,” which assumes fl amboyant
armour was reserved for ceremonial purposes. Development from Vetulonia- to Belmonte-
type: Egg 1986, 6–17; 44–48; Cowan 2007. Cranial trauma: Paine 2007.
7 Etruscan Negau-types: Egg 1986, 41–64; Egg 1988, 243–250. Vulci “trademarks”: Ferraguti
1937, 118; Neugebauer 1943.
8 Negau: Feugère and Freises 1994. Corinthian: Weiss 1977; Manti and Watkinson 2008.
Prunkhelm: Egg 1988, 250. Montefortino: Born 1991; Turfa 2005, 146–147.
9 Fabric, scale/lamellar, pectorals: Connolly 2006, 97–100. Pectoral in art: Blázquez 1960; cf.
Polyb. 6.23.14 for Roman use of pectorals in the third century. Belly guards: Jarva 1995,
59–60; Hill 1982 (Capena, seventh century); Messerschmidt 1932, 512 (Perugia, fourth
century). Limb guards: Beazley 1947: 91, 136–137; Jarva 1995, 74–75, 82–83 (Falerii).
Torre San Severo: Galli 1916. Aufi dena: Mariani 1901, 579. Orvieto: Adembri 1982, 84–85.
10 Vulci: Ferraguti 1937, 116. Orvieto: Adembri 1982, 79. Bomarzo: Blyth 1982.
11 Axe: Stary 1979, 188 and 192. For an axe from a later fourth to early third century warrior
tomb at Castellonchio (Orvieto), see D. Diffendale (2007) “Central Italian Panoplies – 4th
c. bc Umbria,” online: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~dpd/italica/armor/c-panoplies.html
(accessed 25 October 2011). Auvele Feluskes: Maggiani 2007. Bomarzo kopis: Buranelli
1992, 101. Late kopis, Gallic sword: Messerschmidt 1932, 512, 518 (Perugia). Other swords:
Connolly 2006, 98–99.
12 Vulci: Reinach 1907 (II), 129–130. Giglioli: Cristofani 1967; Connolly 2006, 100.
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