–– C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky ––Poliochni Tro y
AthensIstanbulAnkara Alaca HöyükDiyarbakirAcemhöyük KültepeEblaTell Brak
Mosul
Ashur
MariDeir ez-ZorBeirut DamascusUr
EriduBasraAmman
CairoMochlosAlexandriaMedinaMeccaRiyadhMaikopTbilisiTa b r i zBlack SeaMediterranean SeaRed SeaR.
NileR. TigrisLakeVanLakeUrmia
GreatZabSusaTAU
RUSMTSCAU
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TSRUSSIACYPRUSJORDANSYRIAEGYPTSINAISAUDI ARABIAIRAQKUWAITLEBANONTURKEY
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NIAAZE
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tesR.
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aburCa
sp
ian
Se
aR.D
iyal
aLittl
eZabCRETEAiginaCycladesAleppoBaghdad
Kish
Nippur
Uruk GirsuJerusalemISRAELModern capital
Modern city
Ancient site(^0) Kilometres 1000
Kuwait
Figure 29.1Late third millennium interaction spheres
(courtesy of Hélène David, CNRS. Adopted with permission and alterations)