Umm an-Nar Culture (c. 2700 – 2000 BC), 608 , 612
Umm an-Nar site, Maysar, 602
Unger, E., 233
Upper Euphrates, 85
Upper Khabur basin, Syria, 84 , 88
Upper Mesopotamia, 82 , 83 , 88
Upper Sea, 539
Ur (Sumerian city-state), 116 ; agriculture and land
management, 58 ; as centre of ‘Sumerian
Renaissance,’ 192 – 6 ; and end of Sumerian
World, 192 – 3 ; Royal Cemetery seeRoyal
Cemetery of Ur; Royal Correspondence, 113 ;
settlement patterns, 143 – 4 ; texts and identity of
builders, 193 – 4 ; Uruk period, 72 ; ziggurat at,
193 ; see alsoEridu-Ur area
Ur, J., 131 – 52
urbanism and urbanization, 68 ; beginnings,
157 – 61 ; birth of city-state, 114 ; centers, 162 – 8 ;
centralizing institutions, 162 – 4 ; Early Dynastic
period, 116 – 20 ; Ebla, 539 – 40 ; expansion
( 3000 – 2600 BC), 139 – 41 ; fourth millennium
BC, 346 ; later Sumerian cities, 169 – 73 ; north
Mesopotamia, third millennium, 465 ;
organization of Sumerian town, 156 – 74 ; and
physical geography, 22 – 7 ; residential districts,
165 – 8 ; smaller sites, 168 ; southern
Mesopotamia, 57 ; Sumerian World, urban
representatives, 180 ; urban origins (c. 4000 – 3100
BC), 137 – 9 ; Uruk period ( 4000 – 3200 BC),
75 – 9 ; women and agency, 359
urban trends, 22 – 7
Ur-DUN (isˇib-priest), 259
Ur III Empire seeThird Dynasty of Ur (Ur III)
( 2112 – 2004 BC)
Ur-Nammu/Ur-Namma (Ur III king), 38 , 42 , 55 ,
122 , 123 , 194 , 208 , 311 ; death of, 428 ; law codes,
282 – 3 , 371 , 457
Ur-Nanshe: daughter (Abda), 212 , 365 ; door
plaque, 209 , 216 , 382 ; stelae of, 207 – 8 , 216
Uruinimgina (last ruler of first dynasty of
Lagash), 368 , 421
Uruk (ancient city of Sumer), 114 , 561 ; built
monumentality and space design, 180 , 180 – 5 ;
city map, 182 ; documents from, 99 ; Eanna Area
seeEanna Area, Uruk; elites as builders of
Eanna Precinct, 184 ; Hunt Stela from, 212 ;
levels VI to IV, 181 ; and physical geography, 17 ,
19 , 21 , 23 , 26 ; possible change of political order
in, 183 – 4 ; settlement patterns, 137 , 142 , 151 ;
spatial distribution of sites, 139 ; temples in, 157 ;
Vase seeVase, Uruk
Urukagina, 368 ; reform text from, 119 – 20
Uruk colonies, abandonment, 347
Uruk Expansion, 82 – 6 , 561 – 3 , 594 – 5 ; apparent
collapse of, 632
Uruk Explosion, 86 , 140
Uruk period (c. 4000 – 3200 BC), 561 – 3 ; colonial
intrusion, 82 – 6 ; and end of prehistory, 68 – 94 ;
excavations, 75 – 9 ; fourth millennium BC,
spanning most of, 68 , 69 , 114 , 138 ; hydraulic
landscapes and irrigation systems, 39 , 43 ; labor
revolution, 80 – 2 ; Late seeLate Uruk period
(c. 3400 – 3100 BC); multi-modal settlement
structure, 73 ; and physical geography, 19 , 23 ,
26 ; seals in, 324 – 9 ; Smithian Growth, 86 – 8 ;
spatial and political organization, 72 – 5 ; trade,
450 ; and Ubaid period, 72 , 73 ; urbanism,
75 – 9
Uruk Survey site 245 , 158
Ushumgal stele, 278 , 363 , 364Vallat, F., 571
Vallet, R., 158 , 347
van Buren, E., 231
Van De Mieroop, M., 277 – 89 , 346
van Driel, G., 65 n
van Soldt, W., 281
Vase, Uruk, 206 – 7 , 283 – 4 , 360 ; Sacred Marriage,
235 – 6 , 237 , 238 , 239
Veldhuis, N., 297
verbs: finite forms, 108 – 9 ; multiword, 105 ;
non-finite forms, 108 ; Sumerian, 104 ;
verbal morphology, 107 – 9 ; verb-final
languages, 96
Verhoeven, K., 29 n
vertical looms, 406
Vessels List, 295 , 296
Vidale, M., 571
Vogel, H., 419 – 34
vowels, 101Wadi al-Khar, near Hit, 14 , 15
Wadi Shab-GASI, 581
Wadi Suq Culture (c. 2000 – 1500 BC), 608
Waetzoldt, H., 300
Wallerstein, I., 447 , 562 , 612 , 613
walls, 167 , 172
Ward, W., 621
Warka (Uruk city), 23 , 74 , 75 , 80 , 89 n;
excavations at, 71 , 72 , 76 ; see alsoUruk (ancient
city of Sumer)
warping process, 406–– Index ––