Sˇarrum-laba, all places close to Sippar; the indicated city-god, however, is Sîn, not Sˇamasˇ.
The passage in ex. 2 from i 1 – iv 32 otherwise clearly refers to Marad, but twice refers to
sides totalled as á-IM.mar-dú-bi, “its western side” (ii 16 and iv 28 ). This confusion is
exacerbated by the broken passages between i 16 and iii 1 , where at least twenty-seven lines
are missing.
62 Adab, Nippur, Sippar, and (unsurprisingly) Kisurra; the “side” (da) of Umma is also attested
(RGTC2 306, 309 ).
63 Kiritab’s boundaries were simply delineated by four features on four sides; Marad’s border,
by contrast, included at least twenty-seven sides with only the western side listed in full,
and an unknown portion of the southern side. Apiak’s eastern border is drawn by connecting
only two points, while its northern border connects six. The single most detailed border is
Marad’s western one (abutting Kazallu and Kisˇ), with seventeen loci.
64 Kiritab: S-E-N-W; Apiak: N-E-S-W; [name lost]: N-W-S-E; Marad: (x-W?-x-x?-S-W).
65 RIME 3 / 21. 1 .1.l. 11 ′and p. 364 ; cf. the hymn Ur-Namma C (ETCSL, op. cit., 2. 4. 1. 3 ,
l. 82 ), in which the boundary (kir.sur.ra) of Ur and Sumer are seemingly identified as one
and the same, and A.K. Grayson, “Grenze,” in D.O. Edzard (ed.), Reallexikon der Assyriologie
Bd. 3 , Berlin: de Gruyter, 1957 , pp. 639 – 40 , on the Assyro-Babylonian border.
66 The articulation of these privileges and holdings were not abstractly formulated as rights by
law attached to city or temple (i.e., kidinnu ̄tu) until the first millennium; this was preceded
by a long period during which the assertion of privileges, protections, and exemptions were
derived by charter or precedent.
67 RIME 42. 4. 1 and 2. 6. 1 : Zaba ̄ ia and Abı ̄-sare ̄ of Larsa as “Amorite chiefs”; 4. 1. 2 , Sîn-ka ̄sˇid
as “king of the Amna ̄ num”; later: 2. 13. 3 Kudur-mabug as ad.da.kur.már.du, “father of the
Amorite land” and 3. 6. 10 and 3. 9. 1 , lugal.da.ga.an.kur.már.du.ki, “king of all the Amorite
land.”
68 RIME 41. 3. 2 : contraCharpin 2004 , p. 61 who lists the first as Isˇme-Dagan, the king following;
previous dynastic titles included, rather: “lord/king of (t)his land,” and “god of his nation”;
2. 5. 3 and 3. 6. 1 , respectively. The sparse contemporary inscriptions of early Babylonian kings
testify only to their position by sealings identifying them as lugal (once), and ìr PN (in
servant-sealings); their year-name formulae refer not to royal succession, but an “entering of
his father’s house.”
69 RIME 42. 6. 1 , 3. 6. 10 , 3. 7. 8.
70 Warad-Sîn and Rı ̄m-Sîn were last to distinguish the “land of Lagasˇ” in city lists (RIME 4
2. 13. 13 , 2. 14. 8 ); the ma.da Kutalla is also specified by Sin-iddinam and Warad-Sîn ( 2. 12. 1 ,
2. 13. 1 ).
71 Both ki.sur.ra and in.dub: RIME 42. 8. 3 and. 7 (in which the “boundary of Utu” is said to
be fixed atthe city-wall), 2. 9. 2 , 2. 9. 11 , 2. 13. 21. Iddin-Dagan (“Hymn B”): “You have marked
the borders(?) and fixed the boundaries, you have made Sumer and Akkad raise their necks”
(ETCSL website, op. cit., 2. 5. 3. 2 ). Mesalim, Ur-Namma, and Sîn-iddinam are the kings
(rather than gods) said to have established borders.
72 Isin: Sˇu-ilisˇu: RIME 41. 2. 2 and. 3 ; Iddin-Dagan: 1. 2. 3 ; Larsa: Gungunum (“Gungunum
A,” ETCSL website, op. cit., 2. 6. 2. 1 ); Nur-Adad: RIME 42. 8. 1 ,. 3 , and. 6 –. 7 ; Sin-iddinam:
2. 9. 14 ; Warad-Sîn: 2. 13. 6 and. 27 ; Rı ̄m-Sîn: W.H. van Soldt, Letters in the British Museum
vol. 2 (=AbB 13 ), Leiden: Brill, 1994 , no. 53 ; Babylon: Hammurabi: RIME 43. 6. 2 ,. 7 and
Roth, op. cit., p. 78 ii 48 – 54 ; Samsuiluna: RIME 43. 7. 2 and. 8 ; Ammiditana: 3. 9. 2 ;
Ammis.aduqa: 3. 10. 2. Hammurabi’s thirty-third year-name, crowning his serial conquests of
Elam, Larsa, Esˇnunna, and Mari, boasted of “restoring Sumer and Akkad which had been
scattered”; this invites some question as to whether these resettlements were specific single
events.
73 Kings employing language of settlement in rich pasturage, etc. (see prior note for citations):
Sin-iddinam, to settle “his land,” Warad-Sîn for Larsa, Ur, and “the broad land,” Hammurabi
for Sippar and Babylon, Samsuiluna for Sumer and Akkad, Ammiditana and Ammis.aduqa
both for “the widespread people.”
74 ContraLeemans 1982 who neglected such terms denoting farmsteads as é PN, é.h
̆
á, and
é.duru 5 -PN.— The world of Babylonian countrysides —