- Appearance, Life and Leisure -
Museum and Art Gallery, Gloucester, Bellows 1880-1; Colchester, Essex, Laver 1905; Fox
1948a, in the Colchester and Essex Museum.
73 de Villefosse 1899: 88-90, no. 21 pi. XIX, figs. 20,47; Strong 1966: 158, pi. 37B, now in
the Louvre, cat. no. 2158.
74 Vaison-Ia-Romaine mirror now in the Musee Archeologique, Nl'mes, cat. no. 908.51.55
with maximum date range C.23 BC-AD 37; Museo Archeologico, Aquileia, inv. no. 15848;
Musee Archeologique, Nl'mes, no. 1053, from a tomb in the Boulevard de la Republique,
Nl'mes, 1872; Nijmegen inv. no. XXd/L.4, Lloyd-Morgan 1981: 60, pi. 13a, b.
75 Mount Batten: Spence Bate 1866: 501-2, pi. XXX; Cunliffe 1988: 90, no. S3 figs. 48, 49; Ingleton,
Yorkshire, now in the British Museum, Department of Prehistoric and Romano-British
Antiquities inv. no. 1945.11-3.1; Fox 1948b: 24, 26-7, 35> 38, figs 1.4, 2, 3, pi. II; Thetford,
Norfolk, found in a Neronian context: Lloyd-Morgan in Gregory 1991: 132, fig. 116 no. 10.
76 de Villefosse 1899: 90-2, 190-1,277 and note on p. 91; no. 22 pi. XX, now in the Louvre
cat. no. 2159 from the Villa Boscoreale; from the Casa del Menandro, Pompeii, Maiuri
1932: 350 no. 15 figs 135-6, pi. XLVII-XLVIII, which with the following examples is
housed in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, no. 25716: Ward Perkins and
Claridge 1976: no. 69 with pI; nos. 25717, 74926.
77 Fox 1958: 68-71 pi. 33a-36; Brailsford 1975: 83-9, pi. 124, 126-31; Hawkes 1951: 191-8,
pi. VII-IX, figs 50-2.
78 Feugere 1984-5; note also seven examples of iron bucket fittings in Manning 1985: 102-3.
79 Note the elaborately worked example from Great Chesterford, Essex: Fox 1958: 110-1,
pi. 67a, 68; Manning 1985: 100-2, no. P9, arm of a cauldron hanger from Water Newton,
Huntingdonshire, BM cat. no. 1882.6-21.80; PIO, pi. 46, head of a chain from Dorn Farm,
near Moreton-in-the-Marsh, Glos., BM inv. no. 1938.10-8.2; fig. 27 shows the recon-
struction of an example from Butley, Suffolk, and Great Chesterford, Essex: Stead 1967:
55, no. 18 on fig. for an iron tripod from Stanfordbury, Beds., now in the Museum of
Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge.
80 For example, in the story of Branwen, daughter of Llyr, in the second branch of the
Mabinogion, the Cauldron of Regeneration given by Bendigeidfran to Matholwch, King
of Ireland, in compensation for insult, was later used to revive the Irish warriors who
were slain in battle by Bran's men. In the Chwedl Taliesin, Ceridwen prepares a magical
brew in her cauldron, from which three drops would be swallowed that would reveal
secrets of past, present and future. Compare the actual examples in Hawkes 1951, figs
46-7,49 dated first century BC/AD, pp. 172-91.
81 Fox 1958: pi. 63a, tankard from Shapwick Heath, Somerset; pi. 64a from the Thames at
Kew; also Corcoran 1952.
82 See Megaw and Megaw 1990: 91 for discussion on purpose and use; Diodorus Siculus
v.26.1; Stead 1967: 7-8, fig. 5 and fig. on p. 59.
83 Dioscorides, De Medica Materia II.88; Booth 1980: 18, fig. I I nos. 3,4; Carrington 1977:
151 nos. 36, 37; fig. 10.2 dated second to third century; de Villefosse 1899: 102 no. 43, pi.
XXIII no. I with concave sides engraved with a feather pattern.
84 Strabo IV. 5.5.
85 Leather for caps, shoes, belts, harness and other straps and bindings, containers for
liquids, crude hinges, piping, bellows for use in metalworking, construction of carts, char-
iots, boats, coracles, sails and rigging as used by the Veneti on their ships (Caesar, De Bello
Gallico III. I 3), sword and knife sheaths, etc.
86 Note the finds of pork joints and complete skeletons in burials, Brewster 1975: 110;
Lethbridge 1953: 28 and bone report p. 37; Stead 1979: 17, 18,20,22,36-7,39, who notes
similar finds in the cart burials from the champagne area of France on pp. 25-6; also the
presence of horse, goat, sheep and other food bones in these and other burials.