- Fortifications and Defence -
Figure 5-3 Set of isometric drawings of variant usages of wood in iron age defences. Left-hand
column: Kastenbau type; box rampart with earthfast vertical timbers in front and rear faces; Hod
Hill variant, with small internal ramp and inner wall-face verticals no longer earthfast. Right-
hand column: Ehrang timber-laced type; inset: variant (of Ehrang type) called the murus galli-
cus of Avaricum type, with long iron spikes inserted, probably in augered holes, at the
intersections of the timberwork; Altkonig-Priest type; Kelheim type, lacking an internal wall-
face, but with an internal earthen ramp; the elaborate wall on Cathedral Hill, Basic, Switzerland
(at bottom) combines elements of various traditions. (After Audouze and Buchsenschutz 1992:
fig. 49; Buchsenschutz and Ralston 198 I. Drawn by Gordon Thomas.)