Arbman, H. ( 1940 – 3 ) Birka, vol. 1 : Die Gräber, Stockholm: KVHAA.
Arwidsson, G. (ed.) ( 1984 – 9 ) Birka, vol. 2 : 1 – 3 , Stockholm: KVHAA.
Bäck, M. (forthcoming) Eastern Pottery in Birka (Birka Studies), Stockholm: Birka Project and
Raä.
Birka Studies ( 1992 – ), 4 vols, ed. B. Ambrosiani and H. Clarke, vols 5 – ed. B. Ambrosiani,
Stockholm: Birka Project and Raä.
Clarke, H. and Ambrosiani, B. ( 1991 ) Towns in the Viking Age, Leicester: Leicester University
Press.
Gräslund, A.-S. ( 1980 ) The Burial Customs. A Study of the Graves on Björkö (Birka 4 ), Stockholm:
KVHAA.
Gustin, I. ( 2004 ) Mellan gåva och marknad (Lund Studies in Medieval Archaeology 34 ),
Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International.
Holmquist Olausson, L. ( 1990 ) ‘“Älgmannen” från Birka. Presentation av en nyligen undersökt
krigargrav med människooffer’, Fornvännen, 85 : 175 – 82.
Holmquist Olausson, L. and Kitzler Åhfeldt, L. ( 2002 ) Krigarnas hus. Arkeologisk undersökning av
ett hallhus i Birkas Garnison (Borgar och Befästningsverk i Mellansverige 400 – 1100 e.Kr.
Rapport 4 ), Stockholm: Arkeologiska Forskningslaboratoriet, University of Stockholm.
Hyenstrand, E. ( 1992 ) ‘Early discoveries in the Black Earth’, in B. Ambrosiani and H. Clarke
(eds) ( 1992 ).
Jansson, I. ( 1997 ) ‘Warfare, trade or colonisation? Some general remarks on the eastern expansion
of the Scandinavians in the Viking period’, in P. Hansson (ed.) The Rural Viking in Russia and
Sweden, Örebro: Örebro kommuns bildningsförvaltning.
McCormick, M. ( 2001 ) Origins of the European Economy. Communications and Commerce, ad 300 –
900 , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Odelman, E. (trans.) ( 1986 ) ‘Ansgars liv’, in Boken om Ansgar (Skrifter utgivna av Samfundet Pro
fide et christianismo 10 ), Stockholm: Proprius.
Sperber, E. ( 2004 ) ‘Metrology of the weights from the Birka excavations 1990 – 1995 ’, in
B. Ambrosiani (ed.) Eastern Connections. Excavations in the Black Earth 1990 – 1995 , vol. 2 :
Numismatics and Metrology (Birka Studies 6 ), Stockholm: Birka Project and Raä.
Vita Anskarii. Accedit vita Rimberti, recensuit G. Waitz (Monumenta Germaniae historica.
Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi 55 ), Hannover: Hahn
1884 (reprint 1988 ).
Wigh, B. ( 1998 ) ‘The animal bones from the Viking town of Birka’, in E. Cameron (ed.) Leather
and Fur. Aspects of Early Medieval Trade and Technology, London: Archetype Publications for
the Archaeological Leather Group.
——( 2002 ) Animal Husbandry in the Viking Age Town of Birka and its Hinterland (Birka Studies
7 ), Stockholm: Birka Project and Raä.
–– Björn Ambrosiani––