Avdusin, D.A. ( 1969 ) ‘Smolensk and the Varangians according to the archaeological data’, Nor-
wegian Archaeological Review, 2 : 52 – 62.
——( 1970 ) ‘Material culture in the towns of ancient Rus’ (in the light of the excavations at
Novgorod)’, in K. Hannestad (ed.) Varangian Problems (Scando Slavica. Supplementum 1 ),
Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
——( 1994 ) ‘Artemij Vladimirovich Artsikhovky and Novgorod’, in V.L. Yanin and
P.G. Gaidukov (eds) Novgorod Archaeological Conference. Materials of Scientific Conference Dedicated
to the 60 th Anniversary of Novgorod’s Archaeological Study and the 90 th Anniversary of A.V.
Artsikhovsky, the Founder of the Novgorod Archaeological Expedition, Novgorod: Tipografija
‘Novgorod’.
Balodis, F. ( 1943 ) ‘Varifrån härstammar det ryska folket?’, Svensk tidskrift, 30 : 604 – 14.
Birkeland, H. ( 1954 ) Nordens historie i middelalderen etter arabiske kilder (Skrifter utgitt av Det
Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo II. Hist.-Filos. Klasse 1954 : 2 ), Oslo: Jacob Dybwad.
Blifeld, D.I. ( 1977 ) Davnjorus’ki pamjatki Shestovytsi. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Blindheim, Ch. ( 1970 ) ‘Comments on D. Avdusin: Smolensk and the Varangians according to
the archaeological data’, Norwegian Archaeological Review, 3 : 113 – 15.
Boguslavskij, O.I. ( 1993 ) ‘Juzhnoe Priladozhje v sisteme transevrazijskikh sviazei’, in V.S. Masson,
E.N. Nosov and E.A. Rjabinin (eds) Drevnosti Severo-Zapada Rossii (slavjano-finno-ugordkoe
vzaimodejstvie i russjie goroda Baltiki), St Petersburg: Centr ‘Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie’.
——( 2003 ) ‘Istorija Jugo-Vostochnogo Priladozgja i pogrebalnye pamjatniki’, in
G.V. Golubeva (ed.) Staraya Ladoga – drevnjaja stolitsa Rusi. Katalog vystavki, St Petersburg:
Izdatelstvo Gosudarstvennogo Ermitaga.
Brandenburg, N.E. ( 1895 ) Kurgany Juzhnogo Priladozhja (Materialy po archeologii Rossii 18 ),
St Petersburg: Tipografia Glavnogo Upravlenia Udelov.
Bulkin, V.A. ( 1973 ) ‘On the Classification and Interpretation of Archaeological Material from the
Gnezdovo Cemetery’, Norwegian Archaeological Review, 6 : 10 – 13.
Bulkin, V.A. and Lebedev, G.S. ( 1974 ) ‘Gnezdovo i Birka (k probleme stanovlenija gorodov)’,
in A.N. Kirpichnikov and P.A. Rappoport (eds) Kultura srednevekovoj Rusi, Leningrad:
Nauka.
Bulkin, V.A., Dubov, I.I. and Lebedev, G.S. ( 1978 ) Arkheologicheskie pamjatniki Drevnei Rusi,
Leningrad: Izdatelstvo Leningradskogo universiteta.
Callmer, J. ( 1971 ) ‘Comments on D. Avdusin: Smolensk and the Varangians according to the
archaeological data’, Norwegian Archaeological Review, 4 : 65 – 8.
Carlsson A. ( 1983 ) Djurhuvudformiga spännen och gotländsk vikingatid. Text och katalog (Stockholm
Studies in Archaeology 5 ). Stockholm: Inst. för arkeologi, Stockholms universitet.
Cross, S.H. ( 1930 ) ‘The Russian Primary Chronicle’, Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology and
Literature, 12 : [ 77 ]– 320.
Davidan, O. ( 1993 ) ‘Kunsthandwerkliche Gegenstände des 8. bis 10. Jahrhunderts aus
Alt-Ladoga (Die Sammlung der Staatlichen Ermitage in St. Petersburg)’, Zeitschrift für
Archäologie des Mittelalters, 20 ( 1992 ): 5 – 61.
Dubov, I.I. ( 1982 ) Severo-vostochnaia Rus v epokhu srednevekovia (Istoriko-arkheologicheskie
ocherki), Leningrad: Izdatelstvo LGU.
Duczko, W. ( 2004 ) Viking Rus. Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe (The
Northern World 12 ), Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Eisenschmidt, S. ( 1994 ) Kammergräber der Wikingerzeit in Altdänmark (Universitätsforschungen
zur prähistorischen Archäologie 25 ), Bonn: Habelt.
Eniosova, N. ( 2001 ) ‘Skandinavskie rel’efnye fibuly iz Gnëzdova’, in V.V. Murashova (ed.)
Gnëzdovo 125 let issledovanija pamjatnika. Archeologicheskij sbornik, Moscow: Gosudarstvennij
istoricheskij muzej.
Fekhner, M.V. ( 1963 ) ‘Timerevskij mogi’lnik’, in A.P. Smirnov (ed.) Jaroslavskoe Povolzhe X–XI
vv, Moscow: Gosudarstvennyj Istoricheskij muzei.
–– chapter 38 : The Vikings in the east––