Notes to pages 48–59 } 791
pp. 184–85. “Black markets” of course emerged, but participation in those markets be-
came, under both Stalin and Mao, a criminal offense.
- Xiaojia Hou, “ ‘Get Organized’: The Impact of two Soviet Models in the CCP’s
Rural Strategy, 1949–1953,” in China Learns From the Soviet Union, 1949–Present, edited
by Thomas P. Bernstein and Hua-yu Li, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2011, pp. 167–96. - Quoted in Xiaojia Hou, “ ‘Get Organized,’ ” pp. 175–76.
- This is a central thesis of Hua-yu Li’s book Stalinization.
- Kong Hanbing, “The Transplantation and Entrenchment of the Soviet Economic
Model in China,” in Bernstein and Li, China Learns, pp. 153–66. - Quoted in Kong Hanbing, “Transplantation,” p. 158.
- Kong, “Transplantation,” p. 162.
- Primitive socialist accumulation was a concept proposed by Bolshevik econ-
omist Yevgeny Preobrazhensky in the mid-1920s according to which wealth produced
by private agriculture and industry would be siphoned off, with violence, to grow the
socialist sector. The concept became associated with Trotsky and was thus renounced
by Soviet authority. In fact, Stalin’s policies conformed well to Preobrazhensky’s con-
cept. See, Alexander Erlich, The Soviet Industrialization Debate, 1921–1928, Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 1960. - Hua-yu Li, Stalinization, pp. 108–09, 116.
- Xiaojie Hou, “Get Organized,” pp. 182–85.
- Johathan D. Spence, In Search of Modern China, New York: W. W. Norton, 1990,
p. 550. - Roy A. Medvedev, Let History Judge: The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism,
New York: Alfred Knopf, 1971, pp. 90–1. - Nove, An Economic History of the U.S.S.R., p. 299.
- Deng Xiaoping, “We Can Develop a Market Economy Under Socialism,” November
26, 1979, in Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Vol. 2, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press,
1995, p. 238. - This section draws on Chu-yuan Cheng, Economic Relations between Peking and
Moscow: 1949–63, New York: Praeger, 1964. - This is a key theme of Richard Baum, Burying Mao; Chinese Politics in the Age of
Deng Xiaoping, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. - For an exposition of the Soviet model of industrial organization and Mao’s cri-
tique of it, see Franz Schurmann, Ideology and Organization in Communist China,
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968, pp. 239–62. - This section draws on Sergei Goncharov, “Sino-Soviet Military Cooperation,”
in Odd Arne Westad, Brothers in Arms; the Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance,
1945–1962, Washington, DC: Washington Wilson Center Press, 1998, pp. 141–69.
Chapter 3. War in Korea and Indochina
- Warren I. Cohen, America’s Response to China, 5th ed., New York: Columbia
University Press, 2010. It was an aberration because the broader pattern of Sino-American
relations, according to Cohen, was a pattern of cooperation from the 1890s to the 1980s,
with the United States looking on a strong China as a balance to other East Asian powers,
Japan and Russia, while Chinese governments from Qing to Republican looked on the
United States as the least threatening of the imperialist powers.