808 { Notes to pages 219–223
- Mozingo, Chinese Policy, p. 203.
- Simon, Broken Triangle, p. 70.
- Victor Fic, Anatomy of the Jakarta Coup: October 1, 1965, New Delhi: Abhinav
Publications, 2004, pp. 83–6. The 1965 Djakarta coup is a controversial matter. Some schol-
ars maintain that the PKI and China had no involvement in the abduction and murder of
six high-ranking generals that touched off subsequent events. That coup, these scholars
insist, was 100 percent a matter of intra-army rivalries. This has also been the position
of the PKI. Fic has long been the leading scholar arguing that the PKI and China were
deeply involved in events leading up to those murders. Fic’s conclusions in the work cited
here are based on Indonesian post-coup interrogations, post-coup PKI self-criticisms,
interviews with coup participants, and some newspaper reports. The explanation offered
here follows Fic’s. Fic’s book contains an overview of the historiographical debates sur-
rounding the 1965 coup. - Fic, Anatomy, pp. 106–8.
- Fic, Anatomy, pp. 106–11.
- United States Central Intelligence Agency, Indonesia—1965: The Coup That
Backfired, Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 1968, pp. 130–1. - Simon, Broken Triangle, pp. 100–1, 106.
- Fic, Anatomy, pp. 90–9.
- Fic, Anatomy, p. 96. Fic’s source for this dialogue is an April 1966 article in
Singapore’s Straits Times, bolstered by references in several PKI documents to an ear-
lier agreement between Sukarno and “the neighbor” (code for China) and between Aidit
and “the Grandfather” (code for Mao). The latter document is from the PKI Central
Committee, signed by Aidit to all party members, dated November 1965. It was obtained
by Fic from a Indonesian lieutenant colonel in April 1971. Fic, Jakarta Coup, pp. 290,
324–327. The “North Shenxi” reference would seem to be to the Zheng Feng campaign of
1942–1944, which scholars generally agree was vicious. - Aidit’s November 1965 letter from China to surviving PKI members in Indonesia
refers to “the political agreement between [Sukarno] and the neighbor [China].” Fic,
Anatomy, pp. 324–7. - CIA, Indonesia—1965, pp. 172–4.
- Interview in April 1971 by Victor Fic with Indonesian Air Force officer involved in
shipment. Anatomy, pp. 296–7. - CIA, Indonesia—1965, pp. 172–4.
- This was a putative report from the British ambassador, Andrew Gilchrist, to
London about US-British planning for an army coup to oust Sukarno and delivered to
Sukarno by post. Ambassador Gilchrist denied any knowledge of the report, and it has
long been recognized as a forgery. The CIA research report pointed to Subandrio, Aidit,
and China as the “three prime suspects.” CIA, Indonesia: 1965, pp. 192–7. Revelations by
a Czech operative involved in this disinformation operation, and reviewed by Fic, es-
tablish convincingly that the forgery was Czech and Soviet in origin. See Fic, Anatomy,
pp. 287–8, 349–50. - For a record of Indonesian violations of China’s diplomatic immunities and China’s
protests of these, see China’s External Relations, pp. 272–5. - Fic, Anatomy, p. 292.
- A firsthand, authorative, and detailed account of the incorporation of these ter-
ritories, and Singapore, into the new state of Malaysia, along with fierce communist