China\'s Quest. The History of the Foreign Relations of the People\'s Republic of China - John Garver

Notes to pages 498–510 } 831

25. Ezra Vogel, Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, Cambridge: Harvard
    University Press, 2011, p. 649.


26. Tiananmen Papers, p. 423.


27. Tiananmen Papers, p. 424.


28. Vogel, Deng Xiaoping, pp. 648–49.


29. George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, New York: Knopf, 1998,
    pp. 99–100.


30. Bush and Scowcroft, World Transformed, p. 106.


31. Quoted in David M. Lampton, Same Bed Different Dreams: Managing U.S-China
    Relations 1989–2000, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001, p. 29.


32. Henry Kissinger, On China, New  York:  Penguin Press, 2011, pp. 428–36. Vogel,
    Deng Xiaoping, p. 653.


33. Following the Scowcroft visit, the United States announced the sale of three com-
    mercial satellites and the renewal of support for World Bank loans to China for humani-
    tarian projects.


34. The kowtow, or ketou in Chinese, was the ritual prostration of foreign envoys be-
    fore the august presence of the emperor of China, symbolizing the subordination of for-
    eign rulers to the Son of Heaven. This was a rite that ordered state relations in East Asia,
    off and on depending on China’s actual power, for two millennia.


35. Fang Lizhi, “My ‘Confession,’ ” New York Review of Books, June 23, 2011.


36. Fang Lizhi, “My ‘Confession.’ ”


37. Qian, Waijiao shiji, pp. 184–6.


38. Qian, Waijiao shiji, p. 77.


39. Qian, Waijiao shiji, pp. 187–9.

Chapter 19. The Crisis Deepens

1. Neues Deutschland, East Berlin, April 5, 1988, Foreign Broadcast Information
   Service, Daily Report, China (hereafter FBIS-CHI), April 7, 1988, p. 12.


2. Xinhua, April 4, 1991, in FBIS-CHI, April 5, 1991, p. 7.


3. Moscow television, May 17, 1989, FBIS-CHI, May 18, 1989, p. 15.


4. John Garver, “China, German Unification and the Five Principles of Peaceful
   Coexistence,” Journal of East Asian Affairs, vol. 8, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 1994), pp. 135–72.


5. FBIS-CHI, September 27, 1989, p. 14.


6. FBIS-CHI, September 26, 1989, p. 9.


7. Xinhua, October 9, 1989, FBIS-CHI, October 10, 1989, p. 19.


8. Quoted in Gottfried-Karl Kinderman, “The Peaceful Reunification of Germany,”
   Issues and Studies 27, no. 3 (March 1991), pp. 61–2.


9. Der Weg zur deutschen Einheit (The road to German unity), Berlin: Volker Köhler,


10. History of the German unification process, Reichstag Museum, Berlin, FRG.


11. He Po-shih, “CCP Issues Successive Emergency Circulars Ordering Entire Party to
    Guard against Changes,” Dangdai (Contemporary era) (Hong Kong), September 15, 1991,
    in FBIS-CHI, September 24, 1991, p. 7.


12. “Quarterly Chronicle,” China Quarterly, no. 121 (March 1990), p. 178.


13. Xinhua, FBIS-CHI, September 11, 1989, p. 15.


14. Xinhua, FBIS-CHI, September 11, 1989, p. 15.


15. Xinhua, FBIS-CHI, November 2, 1989, p. 13.