836 { Notes to pages 560–568
led to US military punishment of Iran for its interference with Gulf oil traffic. Several
maritime clashes between US and IRI naval forces, including one significant battle,
resulted.- “Li: Gulf Crisis Should Be Resolved by Peaceful Means,” Beijing Review, September
10–16, 1990, p. 7. - Rui Bian, “Haiwan jumian poqie, meiguo junshi jieru kenengxing zengjia” [The
Gulf situation in urgency, possibility of US military interference increasing], Renmin
ribao, August 12, 1990. - “Li: Gulf Crisis Should be Resolved by Peaceful Means,” p. 7.
- For the US perspective, see James A. Baker, The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution,
War and Peace, 1989–1992, New York: Putnam, 1995, pp. 275–76. George H. W. Bush and
Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, New York: Knopf, 1998, pp. 302–4. - Shu Zhong, “Several Questions Calling for Deep Thought,” Shijie zhishi (World
knowledge), March 1, 1991, in FBIS-CHI-91-066, April 5, 1991, pp. 1–2. - Li Qinggong, “Special Article: Bush’s State of the Union Address and the New U.S.
Global Strategy,” Shijie zhishi, March 1, 1991, p. 5. - “Fiendish Plot,” Far Eastern Economic Review, January 31, 1991, p. 6.
- “Fiendish Plot,” p. 6.
- Xiaohong Liu, Chinese Ambassadors: The Rise of Diplomatic Professionalism since
1949 , Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001, p. 179. - James Tyson, “Iraq Seeks China’s Help at the UN,” Christian Science Monitor,
February 21, 1991, p. 3 - Ellis Joffe, “China Alter the Gulf War: Lessons Learned.” Yitzhak Shichor,
“China and the Gulf Crisis: Escape from Predicaments,” Problems of Communism,
November–December 1991, pp. 80–90. - “Chinese Watchers,” Far Eastern Economic Review, March 14, 1991, p. 9.
- Lena Sun, “China Boosts Arms Budget 12 Percent,” Washington Post, March 27,
1991, p. 28. - Liu Jinglian, “Reflections on the Gulf War and Lessons Drawn From It.”
Unpublished paper prepared for November 1991 conference on China and the 1991 Gulf
War convened by the Center for National Security Studies of Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. - The PLA follows the Soviet model of a chain of political officers paralleling the
command chain and charged with ensuring the loyalty of the military to the Communist
Party. That chain of political commissars is called the political control system. - David Shambaugh, Modernizing China’s Military: Progress, Problems, and
Prospects, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. - See China-Iraq Ties: Military Assistance for Oil, Virtual Information Center,
Headquarters, US Commander in Chief Pacific, February 23, 2001. - Yitzhak Shichor, “Decisionmaking in Triplicate: China and the Three Iraqi Wars,”
in Chinese National Security Decisionmaking Under Stress, edited by Andrew Scobell
and Larry M. Wortzel, Washington, DC: National Defense University, Strategic Studies
Institute, 2005, pp. 191–228. - UN Security Council Debate, October 17, 2002. Available at http://www.iraqwatch.
org/un/unscresolutions/PVRs-debates/un-scstatements-101702.htm. - Kuang Ji, “Security or Hegemony?” Beijing Review 15 (April 10, 2003), p. 43.