314 • Notes to Pages 61–66- See Boghurst,Loimographia.Historical discussions of plague tract literature in-
clude Karl Sudhoff, “Pestschriften aus den ersten 150 jahren der Epidemie des ‘Schwar-
zen Todes,’”Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin, 1911 – 25. On the tracts from the Black
Death, see Anna Montgomery Campbell,The Black Death and Men of Learning(New
Yo r k , 1931 ). - “The plague began first at the west end of the city, as at St Giles and St Martins
Westminster. Afterwards it gradually insinuated, and crept down Holborne and the
Strand, and then into the city and at last to the east end of the Suburbs.” Boghurst,Loi-
mographia, 26. - The term signwas also used in 1665 to denote portents and forerunners of plague.
On the changing meaning of signs and symptoms over time, see Lester S. King, “Signs
and Symptoms,” in Medical Thinking: A Historical Preface(Princeton, 1982 ), ch. 3. - For premodern classifications of disease, see Vivian Nutton, “Medicine in the
Greek World, 800 – 50 bc,” in Conrad et al.,The Western Medical Tradition, 26 – 28. - Boghurst,Loimographia, 31.
- Ibid., 32.
- Pepys,Diary, 6 : 165 ; Theophilus Garencières,A Mite Cast into the Treasury of the
Famous City of London; A Discourse on the Plague(London, 1665 ), 1. - Gideon Harvey,A Discourse of the Plague(London, 1665 ). Sydenham’s celebrated
paper on plague was published in his Observationes Medicae civea Morborum acutorum
historiam et curationem(London, 1676 ). There is a useful guide to Willis and Sydenham
on fevers in L. J. Rather, “Pathology at Mid-century: A Reassessment of Thomas Wil-
lis and Thomas Sydenham,” in Medicine in Seventeenth-Century England,ed. Allen G.
Debus (Berkeley, 1974 ), 75 – 84. - Boghurst,Loimographia, 1.
20 .The Diary ofBulstrode Whitelocke,ed. Ruth Spalding (Oxford, 1990 ), 687 – 90.
21 .London’s Dreadful Visitation. - [ John Bell],Londons Remembrancer. Or a true Account of every particular weeks
christenings and mortality in all the years of pestilence within the cognizance of the Bills of
mortality(London, 1665 ). - Graunt,Observations, 19 – 20 , 23 – 27.
- Hodges,Loimologia, 139.
- A historical epidemiologist has identified, during outbreaks of plague in early
modern German communities, what he believes to be dysentery (which would appear
as flux, stopping of the stomach, or griping of the guts in the London Bills of Mortal-
ity). However, the mortality peak for this malady of the summer season is not nearly as
high as for plague, and its peak lasts much longer. In the German towns in this study,
the peak of mortality lasted for up to eight weeks. By contrast, in the parishes of Lon-
don with the best records for 1665 , the epidemic’s peak lasted for a single week at St.
Margaret Westminster and two weeks at St. Giles Cripplegate. See Edward Eckert,
The Structure of Plagues and Pestilences in Early Modern Europe: Central Europe, 1560 –
1640 (Basel, 1996 ), 52 – 53.