438 INDEX
Chmielecki, Stefan 337
Chmielnicki, Bogdan 154,264, 349-52, 355
Chmielnicki's Rebellion (1648) 8, 201, 260,
264, 330,349-53, 357
Chmielnik, Battle of (1241) 71
Chmielowski, Benedykt 279-80
Chocim 357
Battle of (1621) 347-8
Chodkiewicz, Jan Karol 121, 262, 336, 338,
347
Chodkiewicz family 144
Choiseul, duc de 389
Chojnice, see Konitz 227
Chreptowicze family 175
Christianity 4,16, 52, 53, 70, 71, 87, 93,
99-100
see also religion
Christmas, trumpeter 306
Chronica Polonica (Polish Chronicle, 1555) of
Marcin Kromer 5
churches 78,131,238
Churchill, John 358
Ciechanow 190
Ciechanowski, J M 19
Cieszyn, see Teschen
ciphers 289
Cistercians 66, 72,132
cities 225—45,259, 332
decline 234, 240-5
guilds 228-9
incorporation of 226-8
juridical concept 225—6
merchants 229-30
multinational character 233—4
political life 230-3
urban society 228—30
Warsaw 234—41
clans 161—3
Clarendon, Earl of 305
Clauder, Johann Christian 381
Clausewitz, Karl von 357
Clement VIII, Pope 136
Clement, Jacques 317
clergy 59,101,156,158-9,164,170,174
Cleves, Marie de 314-15
Cmielow 34
coats of arms 162
Codza Effendi (Saas-ed-din) 128
coinage 103-4
colonization 64-5, 216, 337
Comenius, see Komensky, Jan Amos
Concors discordia 131
Conde 303
Confederation (confederatio, konfederacja)
259-64, 287, 386, 391, 392, 395, 403
Congress Kingdom 24, 48
Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor 60
Conrad III, Holy Roman Emperor 61, 68
Conrad of Mazovia, see Konrad Mazowiecki
Conring 278
Constance, Council of (1414—18) 100,130
Constance, Queen of Austria 146
Constance of Austria, Queen of Poland 261
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Byzantine
Emperor 39
Constantinople 71, 96, 110, 125,135,136, 357
constitution 246-83, 336, 386
3 May 1791 247, 264-5, 310, 399, 401,
402-3, 405
Conti, Prince de 371
Copenhagen 200, 290
Copernicus, Nicholas 119,120,198, 285
Corded Ware Culture 34
Cordoba, Khalif of 3
Cosel, Mme 372
Cossack Wars 137
Cossacks 29,114,129,134,136,137,138,154,
264, 287, 318, 321, 336-8, 346, 351, 352
Counter Reformation 153, 238, 304, 330
Courland (Kurlandia) 29, 343, 374, 393
courts 266—7, 268
courtship 3
Coutts, Alexander 213
Coyer, Abbe Gabriel 280
Cracow 26, 30, 39, 45, 52, 56, 65, 67, 70, 71, 72,
77, 78-80, 88, 90, 94, 95, 98,102,103,
113, 114,115,118,130,144,148,164,
197,198, 209, 227, 228, 230, 231, 233,
235, 237, 244, 245, 254, 261, 284, 285,
289, 291, 292, 296, 301, 312, 319, 330,
340, 367, 375, 380, 392, 405, 406, 407,
408
Congress of (1363) 80-3
Statute of (1433) 106
Treaty of (1339) 78
University of 80
Cracow, Bishop of 170
Cracow School 8, 9
Crell, Jan 146,155
Crimea 287, 290
Croats 39
Crown Estates, inventories of {Lustracje) 44—7
Crown Tribunal 250, 258, 267, 321
crusades no, 128-30
Crutta, Antoni 289
Cudna, mistress of Casimir the Great 83
Cuiavia, see Kujawy
Culter, Henry 213
culture 65—6, 110—11,117—20
see also arts; architecture; literature
Culvensis, see Kulwiec, Abraham
Cyprus 284
Czapski, Joseph 19
Czarniecki, Stefan 336, 342—3, 357
Czarnorus (Black Ruthenia) 29
