INDEX 449
ordinacja, see entail
Orleans 87
Orleans, Gaston d' 358
Orsha, Battle of (1514) 113-14
Orsza 131
Orthodox Church 87, 90, 93,130,135-8,153,
158-9, 244, 351
Orzechowski, Stanislaw 131
Orzelska, Countess 372, 384
Oscik 312
Osiek 201
Osman 11, Sultan 347
Ossig 148
Ossolinski, George 125
Ossolinski, Hieronim 143
Ossolinski, Jerzy 269,299,351
Ossolinski, Mikolaj 268
Ossolinski family 238
Ostrogothic Empire 40
Ostrogski, Konstanty 111, 113,135,136,138,
257, 276, 324,333
Ostrogski, Prince Janusz 138
Ostrogski family 121,167,175, 337
Ostroleka 405
Ostrorog, Jan 100, 110, 229
Oswiecim (Auschwitz) no, 221, 316
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor 53
Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor 53-6, 57, 60, 68
Otto of Bamberg, Bishop 69
Otto of Bavaria, Duke 81
Ottokar II, King of Bohemia 74
Ottoman Empire 113,128,129, 308, 347, 367
Oxenstierna, eric 303
Oxford 147
Oxford Martyrs 132
Ozarowski, Piotr 397, 406
Pac, Jan Michal 392
Pacta Conventa 256, 286, 313, 329
Padua 198
paganism 93, 130
Paine, Tom 149
Palanga (Polaga) 48
Palej's rebellion 375
Palestine 284
Paley, William 280
Pallavicini, Monsignor 304
Palloni 368
Panin, Nikita 389
Parandier, Citoyen 409
Paris 125
Parkany, Battle of 367
partition of Poland 223,386-411
First Partition (1772) 30,130, 293, 310, 390,
393
Second Partition (1793) 149, 266, 247, 397, 399
Third Partition (1795) 8,180, 241, 245, 246,
- 408
Partitions, Treaties of:
(1772) 393-5
(1793) 405
(1797) 408
Pasek, Jan Chrystostom 6,187, 205, 251,
255—6,262—3
Paston Letters 268
Pastor, Adam 144
Patkul, Jan Rheinhold 291
Patras, Battle of (1602) 130
Patz, Johann Jakub 409
Paul II, Pope 125
Paul of Krosno 284
Paulmy, Marquis de 310
Paulus Vladimiri, see Wlodkowic, Pawel
Pawiriski, Adolf 10
Pawluk 337
peasants 28, 29, 64,101-2,156,160,164,196,
215, 216,219, 331, 332, 337, 352, 383,
406
see also serfs
Pekoslawski, Marshal of the Sejm 257
Pellison 240
Pels, Marcus 198
Pels, Pieter 198
Perejaslaw 131, 226
Perkun, God of the Thunderclap 93, 99
Peter I, Tsar 293, 294, 307, 309, 343, 374,
375-7. 387
Peter III, Tsar 309, 389, 390
Petrylo, Hospodar 115
Pfaffendorf, see Szamocyn
Philip II, King of Spain 296
Piarists (Pietists) 132
Piast dynasty 52-3
administration 61-3, 78
architecture 78
colonization under 64-5
conflict with Holy Roman Empire 67-5
cultural life in 65-6
dynastic marriages 61
economy 66—7
education 80
emergence of 5 3-6
foreign knowledge of 75—6
foreign relations 68-75, 77~8, 80-3
Jews 66, 78
law 78
military organization of 63-4, 67-8
origins 52
period of fragmentation 76-7
relations with Church 59
reunification 77
social organization 63-4
status of monarchy 60-1
territorial fluctuations of 56-7, 58
warfare 78
Pibrac, Guy du Faur de 312