THE AUSTRIAN PARTITION IIIRectors, and the President of the Academy, there were to be 44 deputies elected
by the Landowners' Curia, representing some two thousand registered noble
electors; 3 deputies representing the members of the Cralician Provincial
Chamber of Commerce; 20 deputies returned by the Municipal Curia rep-
resenting the incorporated cities; and 74 deputies returned by the 'Curia of the
Remaining Commons', which was elected by representatives of the peasant
communes. In the Landowners' Curia, each deputy was the direct representative
on average of 52 voters; in the Commons' Curia, he was the indirect represent-
ative of 8,792! In all, less than 10 per cent of the population exercised a vote. The
urban plebs were excluded from the suffrage altogether. True to the intentions
of its original sponsors, the Sejm could not help but operate as a forum for the
patronage and influence of the landowning class. Its legislative decisions were
subject to the Emperor's veto, entrusted to the Viceroy; and its control over the
Executive Department was purely perfunctory. Even so, in the realms of public
works, justice, and education, it wielded effective powers. It was the only
institution in the Polish lands at that time which gave an effective share in gov-
ernment to even part of the Polish population.
The achievement of Autonomy gave a signal boost to all forms of Polish
national consciousness. Patriotic demonstrations came very much into vogue. In
1869, the accidental reopening of the tomb of Casimir the Great, by a workman
digging in the crypt of the cathedral at Cracow, gave rise to extraordinary scenes
of popular rejoicing. The solemn re-interment of the last remains of the great
Piast was attended by tens of thousands of well-wishers. In that same year, the
Third Centenary of the Union of Lublin (1569) provided a similar excuse for fur-
ther festivities, and in Lemberg for the building of the huge Mound of the Union.
The erection of patriotic monuments, such as Ryger's statue of Adam
Mickiewicz in the Market Square in Cracow in 1898 or the Grunwald
Monument in 1910, attracted masses of sightseers from all three Partitions.
A visitor to Galicia in this period would have been struck by the prevailing
blend of local Slav and imperial Austrian influences. Karl Baedeker, describing
Lemberg in 1905 for the readers of the English edition of his guidebook to
Austria—Hungary, laid equal emphasis on the city's Polish and German connec-
tions:
Lemberg - Hotels. Hot. George, R. from 3K., B.9oh; Hotel Imperial; Grand Hotel;
Hotel Metropole; Hotel de 1'Europe; Hotel de France.
Restaurants. At the Hot. George, Grand Hotel and Hotel de l'Europe; Stadtmuller,
Krakowska-Str.; Rail—Restaurant at the chief station—Cafes. Theatre Cafe,
Ferdinands-Platz; Vienna Cafe, Helige-Gheist-Platz.
Electric Tramway from the chief station to the Waty Hetmariskie and thence to the
Kilinski Park, and to the Cemetery of Lyczakow—Horse Cars also traverse the town.
British Vice-Consul, Prof. R. Zaloziecki.
Lemberg, (Polish Lwow, French Leopol) the capital of Galicia, with 160,000 inhab.
(one-fourth Jews) is the seat of a Roman Catholic, an Armenian, and a Greek Catholic
archbishop. There are fourteen Roman Catholic churches, a Greek, an Armenian and a