God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. 2. 1795 to the Present

NOTES 529

CHAPTER 3. PREUSSEN

1. Since the Polish provinces became an integral part of the Prussian Kingdom and of the
   German Empire, their history can only be understood in conjunction with that of Prussia
   in general. In English see W. A. Carr, A History of Germany, 1815—1945 (London, 1969);
   H. W. Koch, A History of Prussia (London, 1978); A. J. P. Taylor, Bismarck (London,
   1955); and E. J. Feuchtwanger, Prussia - myth and reality: the role of Prussia in German
   History, (London, 1970). See also M. Laubert, Die preussische Polenpolitik von
   1772-1914 (Berlin, 192,0), and H.-U. Wehler, 'Die Polenpolitik in deutschen Kaisserreich,
   1871-1918', in Politische ldeologien uhd national-staatliche Ordnung, ed. K. Knixen,
   W. J. Mommsen (Munich, 1968); M. Broszat, zoo Jabre deutsche Polenpolitik (Munich,
   1963); and Werner Grauendienst, 'Prussian Civic Consciousness and Polish
   Nationalism', in Eastern Germany, ed. Gottingen Research Committee (Wiirzburg,
   1963). Contemporary Polish views on the subject are regularly expressed in the monthly,
   Polish "Western Affairs (Poznari, 1959); see Lech Trzeciakowski, Pod pruskim zaborem,
   1850-1918 (Warsaw, 1973).


2. Oswald Spengler, Prussianism and Socialism (1919), quoted by Feuchtwanger, op. cit. 7.


3. C. E. Black, 'Poznan and Europe in 1848', Journal of Central European Affairs, viii
   (1948), 191-206. S. Kieniewicz, Spoleczenstwo polskie w powstaniu polskim 1848 roku
   (Warsaw, 1935).


4. Quoted by W. Jakobczyk, Studia nad dziejami Wielkopolski w XIX wieku (Poznan,
   1967), and by P. Wandycz, The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795-1918 (Seattle, 1975),
   229.


5. Moritz Busch, Our Chancellor - sketches for a historical picture, trans. W. Beatty-
   Johnson (London, 1884), ii. 146-57. The marginal nature of the Polish question in
   Bismarck's thinking can be judged from the fact that in A. J. P. Taylor's study, it is not
   even mentioned. Cv J. Feldman, Bismarck a Polska (Warsaw, 1966; Cracow, 1937).


6. Busch, op. cit. 157-62.


7. J. Krasuski, Kulturkampf, katolicyzm i liberalizm w Niemczech XIX wieku (Poznan,
   1963); Erich Schmidt- Volkmar, Der Kulturkampf in Deutschland, 1871-90, (Gottingen,
   1962).


8. See H. Neubach, Die Ausweisungen von Polen und ]uden aus Preussen 1885-6: ein
   Beitrag zu Bismarcks Polenpolitik, und zur Geschichte des deutsche-polnischen
   Verhaltnisses (Wiesbaden, 1967).


9. Lech Trzeciakowski, 'The Prussian in state and the Catholic Church in Prussian Poland,
   1871-1914', Slavic Review, xxvi (1967), 618-37.


10. Karl Baedeker, Northern Germany... (Leipzig-London, 1890), 250 3.


11. A. Wojtkowski, Dzialalnosc Pruskiej Komisji Kolonizacyjnej (Torun, 1932); Witold
    Jakobczyk, Pruska Komisja Osadnicza, 1886-1919 (Poznan, 1976).


12. A. Basinski, 'Michal Drzymala (1857-1937)', Polski Stownik Biograficzny, v (Cracow,
    1946), 424-5. In 1939, the village of Podgradowice was renamed Drzymalowo in his hon-
    our. Few Polish accounts mention the fact that the idea of living in a caravan to beat the
    regulations came from a local German, one Neldner, who helped Drzymala to fight the
    Prussian authorities.


13. Edward Martuszewski, Polscy i nie polscy Prusacy: szkice z historii Mazur i Warmii
    (Olsztyn, 1974), 8-9.


14. Marx (1848) quoted by M. Serejski, Europa a rozbiory Polski (Warsaw, 1970), 239-40:
    Engels (1851) quoted by Edmund Wilson, To the Finland Station (London, 1962), 232.
    General works on Marx's and Engels's views on Poland include the documentary col-
    lection Marks i Engels 0 Polsce (Warsaw, 1960), 2 vols; Celina Bobinska, Marks i Engels
    a sprawa polska (Warsaw, 1955); idem. Marksaspotkaniaz Poiskq (Cracow, 1971), with
    extensive English summary. Marx maintained his support for Polish independence even
    when his opinions were increasingly unpopular in radical circles.