536 NOTES
- The Church Records of Panna Maria (Texas), ed. J. Dworaczyk (Chicago, 1945), 8. See
also A. Brozek, Slqzacy w Teksasie (Warsaw, 1972.); J. Przygoda, Texas pioneers from
Poland: a study in ethnic history (San Antonio - Los Angeles, 1971). - See Andrzej Brozek, Polonia amerykanska, 1854-1939 (Interpress, Warsaw, 1977),
which has an extensive bibliography; also P. Fox, The Poles in America (New York,
1922); M. Haiman, The Polish past in America, 1608-1865 (Chicago, 1939). - Helena Znaniecki-Lopata, 'Polish Immigration to the United States of America: prob-
lems of estimation and parameters', Polish Review, xxi, nr. 4 (1976), 85-107. See also
Alina Baran, 'Distribution of Polish Origin Population in the USA.XPolisb Western
Affairs, xvii, nr. 1-2 (1976), 139-44. - J. S. Wordsworth, Strangers within our gates (Toronto, 1972), 114.
- 'Throughout the century men of the sturdy stocks of north of Europe had made up the
main strain of foreign blood... but now there came multitudes of men from the
lowest class from the south of Italy and men of the meaner sort out of Hungary
and Poland, men out of the ranks where there was neither skill nor energy nor any ini-
tiative or quick intelligence.. .' T. Woodrow Wilson, History of the American People
(New York, 1902) v, 212. 10. Irwin T. Sanders, Ewa T. Morawska, Polish-American
Community Life: a survey of research, The Community Sociology Monograph Series,
ii (Boston-New York, 1975), which contains an extensive bibliography. See also S.
Wloszczewski, A History of Polish American Culture (Trenton, 1946); J. A. Wytrwal,
America's Polish Heritage: a social history of the Poles in America (Detroit, 1961). - W. B. Makowski, The History and Integration of the Poles in Canada (Niagara Falls,
1967); Past and Present: Selected Topics on the Polish Group in Canada, ed. Benedikt
Heydenkorn (Toronto, 1974); A. Kapiszewski, 'Problems in Multiculturalism and the
Polish Canadian Community', Polish Western Affairs, xvii, No. 1-2 (1976), 145-51. - Krzysztof Groniowski, 'The Main Stages in the History of Polish Immigrants in South
America', Polish Western Affairs, xvii, No. 1-2 (1976), 152-60; R. Stemplowski,
'Enlistment in Brazil to the Polish Armed Forces, 1940-44', ibid., 161-72. See also the
collective work, Emigracja polska w Brazylii: 100 lat osadnictwa (Warsaw, 1971). - Krystyna Murzynowska, Polskie wychodzstwo zarobkowe w Zaglebiu Ruhry w latach
1880-1914 (Wroclaw, 1972); R. Clemens, L'Assimilation culturelle des immigrants en
Belgique; Italiens et polonais dans la region liegoise (Liege, 1953); H. Janowska, Polska
emigracja zarobkowa we Prancji (Warsaw, 1964). - See J. Zubrzycki, Polish Immigrants in Britain (The Hague, 1956); and especially Sheila
Patterson, 'The Poles: an exile community in Britain', in Between Two Cultures, ed.
J. L. Watson (Oxford, 1977), 214-41; also B. Czajkowski, B. Sulik, Polacy w Wielkiej
Brytanii (Paris, 1961). - The persistence of a substantial Polish community in the USSR is not advertised by the
Soviet authorities, and Soviet Poles are conspicuous by their absence from almost all the
official activities arranged in Poland for Polish emigres. Soviet sources, which put Soviet
citizens of Polish nationality at about 1.5 million, are widely believed to underestimate
their true numbers. - n.b. The great majority of Polish-speaking Israelis would never admit to being 'Poles' but
merely to being 'Jews from Poland'. - George Orwell, Homage to Catalonia (London, 1975), 246. This verse, inspired by the
defeat of the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War, rings very true to the Polish social-
ists and radicals who were the main target for Stalinist repression. - From Lord Byron, Childe Harolde's Pilgrimage, Canto I, xiii. Mickiewicz's translation,
'Pozegnanie Czajld Harolda' is in his Poezje, ed. J. Kallenbach (Wroclaw, 1949), i,
165-8. - Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, 'Wygnaricy' (The Exiles), 12 May 1841.
- Composed by Kajetan Kozmian and Franciszek Morawski.