Gödel, Escher, Bach An Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas R. Hofstadter

could feel (and not merely artificially signal, an easy contrivance) plea- sure at its successes, grief when its valves fuse, be ...

does the card in my right hand belong to?" The man by telepathy or clairvoyance gives the right answer 130 times out of 400 card ...

human partners will read much more into what they say than is actually underlying it. And in fact, according to Weizenbaum, in h ...

Calculus-and thus took the first step towards AI software; also Charles Babbage designed the first "calculating engine"-the prec ...

602 proving theorems in various parts of mathematics symbolic logic "resolution" theorem-proving elementary geometry symbolic ma ...

creating original thoughts or works of art poetry writing (haiku) story writing computer art musical composition atonal tonal an ...

such higher-level chunks. Even though heuristic rules are not rigorous in the way that the official rules are, they provide shor ...

as accurately as possible. The effect was to partially encode in the values of the static evalution's parameters the knowledge g ...

When Is a Program Original? This issue of a program outdoing its programmer is connected with the question of "originality" in A ...

following the program does not serve to enlighten one as to why this particular discovery popped out, then perhaps one should be ...

of the section is completely and precisely specified. Thus the composer is often surprised, and pleasantly surpnsed, at the deta ...

human intellect, and the computer has been employed, with more or less ingenuity, as a tool for realizing an idea devised by the ...

A into local strategies for derivations is called problem reduction. It is based on the idea that whenever one has a long-rang ...

the infiniteness of the goal stack, Achilles got his wish. Problem reduction wins the day! Despite my mockery, problem reduction ...

glance seemed as if it would increase the distance between the initial situa- tion and the desired situation-namely, running awa ...

than not come as sudden flashes of insight rather than as products of a series of slow, deliberate thought processes. Probably t ...

Another connection between the previous discussion and the MU- puzzle is the two modes of operation which led to insight about t ...

is a collection of programs developed at MIT which go under the name "MACSYMA", whose purpose it is to aid mathematicians in sym ...

known to psychologists for quite a while and has only recently been redis- covered by AI workers, who are now confronting the pr ...

the same information in several different forms for different purposes. One advantage of storing genetic information in the modu ...