Credits
Fi~res: Fig. 1, Johann Sebastian Bach by Elias Gottlieb-Haussmann (1748), collection of
WIlliam H. Scheide, Princeton, New Jersey; Fig. 2, Flute Concert in Sanssouci, by Adolf von
Menzel, Nationalgalerie, West Berlin; Figs. 3,4, 152, "The Royal Theme" and the last page
of the "Six-part Ricercar," from the original edition of Musical Offering by Johann Sebastian
Bach, are reproduced courtesy of the Library of Congress; Figures of lithographs and
woodcuts of M. C. Escher are reproduced by permission of the Escher Foundation, Haags
Gemeentemuseum, The Hague, copyright © the Escher Foundation, 1979, reproduction
rights arranged courtesy of the Vorpal Galleries, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and
Laguna Beach; Fig. 9, photograph of Kurt GOdei by Orren J. Turner from Foundations of
Mathematics: Symposium Papers Commemorating the Sixtieth Birthday of Kurt Godel, edited by
Jack J. Bulloff, Thomas C. Holyoke, and S. W. Hahn, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1969;
Figs. 17, 96, "Figure-Figure" and "A section of mRNA passing through a ribosome,"
drawings by Scott E. Kim; Figs. 19, 44, 133, 148, musical selections from the Musical
Offering by J. S. Bach, music printed by Donald Byrd's program "SMUT"; Fig. 25, "Cretan
labyrinth" from W. H. Matthews, Mazes and Labyrinths: Their History and Development, New
York, Dover Publications, Inc., 1970; Fig. 39, photograph of Rosetta Stone, courtesy of the
British Museum; Fig. 40, A collage of scripts. Samples of cuneiform, Easter Island,
Mongolian and Runic scripts from Hans Jensen, Sign, Symbol and Script, East Germany VEB
Deutscher Verlag Der Wissenschaften; samples of Bengali and Buginese script from Ken-
neth Katzner, The Languages of the World, New York, Funk & Wagnalls, 1975; samples of
Tamil and Thai from I. A. Richards and Christine Gibson, English Through Pictures, New
York, Washington Square Press; Fig. 59, "Intelligence built up layer by layer" (Fig. 9.8)
adapted from Patrick Henry Winston, Artificial Intelligence, Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, reprinted by permission; Figs. 63, 69, photographs of an ant bridge
by Carl W. Rettenmeyer and construction of an arch by termite workers by Turid Holl-
dobler, from E. O. Wilson, The Insect Societies, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press,
1979; Fig. 65, schematic drawing of a neuron adapted from The Machinery of the Brain, by
Dean Wooldridge, copyright © 1963, McGraw-Hill, Inc. used with permission of McGraw
Hill Book Company, and from Fig. II-6, page 26, Speech and Brain-Mechanisms, by Wilber
Penfield and Lamar Roberts, copyright © by Princeton University Press, reprinted by
permission of Princeton University Press; Fig. 66, "the human brain, seen from the left
side," from Steven Rose, The Conscious Brain, copyright © 1973 by Steven Rose, reprinted
by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, and John Wolfers, London; Fig. 68,
"overlapping neural pathways," from John C. Eccles, Facing Reality, New York, Springer-
Verlag, 1970; Figs. 77, 78, 80, 82, 117, 137, 138, 141, The Shadows, State of Grace, The Fair
Captive, The Air and the Sung, Mental Arithmetic, Common Sense, The Two Mysteries, and The
Human Condition I by Rene Magritte, copyright © by ADAGP, Paris, 1979; Figs. 79, 95,
"Tobacco Mosaic Virus" and "Secondary and Tertiary Structure of Myoglobin" from
Albert Lehninger, Biochemistry, New York, Worth Publishers, 1975; Figs. 91, 92, "The four
constituent bases of DNA" and "The ladder-like structure of DNA" from Arthur
Kornberg, "The Synthesis of DNA," Scientific American, copyright © October 1968, all
rights reserved; Fig. 93, "Molecular model of the DNA double helix," reprinted by
permission, from V. M. Ingram, Biosynthesis of Macromolecules, Menlo Park, California, The
Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, 1972; Fig. 97, "Polyribosome" from The Pro-
teins, edited by R. E. Dickerson and H. Neurath, page 64, New York, Academic Press; Fig.
98, "A two-tiered molecular canon" from O. L. Miller, Jr., "Visualization of Genes in
Action," in Scientific American, copyright © March 1973, all rights reserved; Figs. 101, 102,
103, "The T4 bacterial virus," "Infection of a Bacterium by a virus," and "The mor-
phogenetic pathway of the T4 virus," from William B. Wood and R. S. Edgar, "Building
a Bacterial Virus" in Scientific American, copyright © July 1987, all rights reserved; Fig.
105, photograph of Srinivasa Ramanujan from S. R. Ranganathan, Ramanujan, the Man and
the Mathematician, New York, Asia Publishing House, 1967; Figs. 110, Ill, 112, from Terry
Winograd, Understanding Natural Language,New York, Academic Press, 1972; Fig. 113,
photograph of Alan Turing by Mssrs. C. H. O. Trevelyan from Sara Turing, Alan M.
Turing, Cambridge, England, W. H. Heffer and Sons, Ltd., 1959; Fig. 116, "a meaningful
story in Arabic" from Abdelkebir Khatibi and Mohammed Sijelmassi, The Splendor of Islamic
Calligraphy, New York, London, Thames & Hudson, copyright © by Qarawiyne Library in
Fez; Fig. 118, Procedural representation of "red cube which supports a pyramid," adapted
Credits 757