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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank P. Aebischer, P. Hegemann, A. Y. Karpova, R. McQuiston,

D. V. Schaffer, N. Shah, J. Wells, and J. Wietek for sharing their

plasmids and H. Hioki for providing anti-VGLUTs antibodies.

Funding:This study was supported by the JSPS NEXT program

(LS070 to Ka.N.); MEXT KAKENHI (16H05128, 15H05932,

26118508, 26713009, and 22689007 to Ka.N.; 19K06954 and

16K19006 to N.K.); JST PRESTO (JPMJPR13M9 to Ka.N.); AMED

(JP19gm5010002 to Ka.N.); and grants from the Takeda Science

Foundation, Nakajima Foundation, Uehara Memorial Foundation,

Ono Medical Research Foundation, Brain Science Foundation,

Kowa Life Science Foundation (to Ka.N.), and Kato Memorial

Bioscience Foundation (to N.K.).Author contributions:Ka.N.

conceived the project. N.K. and Ka.N. designed experiments. All

authors performed experiments and analyzed data. N.K. and

Ka.N. discussed data and wrote the manuscript. Ka.N. supervised

the entire project. All authors approved the manuscript.

Competing interests:The authors declare no competing interests.

Data and materials availability:All data are available in the

main text or the supplementary materials. Plasmids and AAVs with

Addgene numbers given in the materials and methods were

obtained under material transfer agreements with Addgene.

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS

science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6482/1105/suppl/DC1

Materials and Methods

Figs. S1 to S8

Table S1

References ( 33 – 38 )

View/request a protocol for this paper fromBio-protocol.

12 September 2019; accepted 4 February 2020

10.1126/science.aaz4639

Kataokaet al.,Science 367 , 1105–1112 (2020) 6 March 2020 8of8

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