- Commodianus,Commodiani Carmina, 176. Commodianus is referring here to
Esdras 13 : 40. On Commodianus and Esdras, see Bergren, “People Coming from the
East.” See also Robinson, “Introduction.” Citing this verse, Richard Bauckham com-
ments, “this is clearly no longer the real geography of the historical diaspora of the
northern Israelites, but a mythical place beyond the known world.” I would also stress
that echoed here are real geographical considerations in placing this mythical place
beyond Persia. See Bauckham,Gospel Women, 102. - Babylonian Talmud, Qiddushin, 72 a. On these locations, see Neubauer,
Ge ́ographie, 372 – 374. - Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, 94 a.
- Moazami, “Millennialism,” 1 – 16.
- Anderson,Alexander’s Gate, 62.
- MidrashSifra, ch. 8 , 4. Cited also in Neubauer, “Where Are the Ten Tribes?”
I: 20. - Neubauer, “Where Are the Ten Tribes?” I: 20.
- Mishnah, Sanhedrin, 10 : 10.
- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, 110 b.
- MidrashBereshith Rabba, 73 , 6. All Midrashim appear in Eisenstein,Otsar
Midrashim. - Palestinian Talmud, Sanhedrin, 53 b. This is Neubauer’s translation with my
emendments. - MidrashPesikta Rabbati, 31. Biblical Riblah is in Babylon, but located also in
Syria and therefore is an equivalent for Antiochia. This translation is from Braude,
Pesikta Rabbati, 617. - MidrashLamentationsRabbah, 2 : 5.
- MidrashNumbers Rabbah, 16 : 25.
- Neubauer, “Where Are the Ten Tribes?” I: 20.
- Etheridge,The Targums; Targum Yonathan;Exodus 34 : 10.
- Midrash‘Eser Galuyot, in Jellinek,Bet ha-Midrash, 113 – 116.
- Neubauer, “Where Are the Ten Tribes?” IV: 412 ; Friedlaender, “Jews of Arabia.”
- Jones,Pliny, 10 : 392 – 394. On Pliny’s work as imperial project, see Murphy,
Pliny the Elder’s Natural History. - Josephus,Works of Flavius Josephus, 450.
- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, 65 a.
- Another interpretation of ‘Aqiva’s martyrdom is in Boyarin,Dying for God,
107 – 108 , and passim. - Feldman,Jew and Gentile, 158 – 161. However, see also Michael, “Jewish
Sabbath”; Gandz, “Origin of the Planetary Week”; Zafran, “Saturn and the Jews”;
Broughall, “Pattern of the Days”; Bentwich, “Graeco-Roman View of Jews”; Bruce,
“Tacitus on Jewish History.” There is also a highly relevant connection between Saturn
and messianism. Kabbalah scholar Moshe Idel, has recently ventured to make precisely
such connections. By way of introducing a new interpretation of the 17 th-century
“messiah” Sabbatai Zvi, and aiming to “broaden the pertinent contexts of the emergence
and expansion of Sabbataianism,” Idel points to the connection between the name
lu
(lu)
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