The Ten Lost Tribes. A World History - Zvi Ben-Dor Benite

58. Gow,The Red Jews, 33 ff. I cannot do enough justice to the way in which Gow
    discusses at length the various sources for the tale and its reception.


59. Cited in Corinaldi,Jewish Identity, 99. For a survey of the various letters of
    Prester John and their Hebrew translations, see ibid., 97 – 101.


60. Ullendorff and Beckingham,Hebrew Letters of Prester John, 60.


61. See, for one example, Adler,Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, 52 – 53.


62. Ibid., 81 – 82.


63. Ibid., 30 , 31 , 40 – 41.


64. Ibid., 84.


65. Adler,Jewish Travellers, 11.


66. Adler tried to suggest that Benjamin’s Cush is actually in Asia, commenting in
    his n. 166 , “It should be remembered thatCushin ancient Jewish literature does not
    always signify Ethiopia, but also denotes parts of Arabia, especially those nearest to
    Abyssinia.” However, I think that, in this particular case, Benjamin’s Cush is indeed
    Ethiopia. His language suggests crossing the desert and he identifies Cush twice
    elsewhere as “the land of Cush, which is called al-Habash [Ethiopia].” Adler,Itinerary
    of Benjamin of Tudela, 96 – 97. Furthermore, the question is what constitutes “Ethiopia”
    in this context. Perhaps it is a greater Ethiopia that includes Arabian territories across
    the straits.


67. Adler,Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, 83 – 84.


68. Ibid., 98 n 168.


69. Ibid., 70. In contrast, in 1948 there were 55 , 000 Jews in Yemen and an
    additional 8 , 000 intheBritish-controlled port of Aden.


70. Ibid., 72.


71. Whitlocke,Annals of the Universe, 135.


72. See Scholem,Sabbatai Sevi, 332 – 353.


73. Rodinson,Muhammad, 193.


74. Ibid., 214. See also 249 – 254.


75. Ibid., 249 – 254.


76. Adler,Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, 1.


77. Montano,Itinerarium Beniamini Tudelensis.


78. Abulafia, “Seven Types of Ambiguity,” 14.


79. Khadduri,War and Peace, 253 – 257.


80. For a brief and general summary of these events, see Jackson, “Mongol 248 s
    and Europe.”


81. Schmieder, “Christians, Jews, Muslims,” 274 – 277.


82. Cited in ibid., 280.


83. Paris,Matthew Paris’s English History, 313.


84. Schmieder, “Christians, Jews, Muslims,” 277.


85. Higgins, “Defining the Earth’s Center.”


86. Mandeville,Mandeville’s Travels, 95.


87. Ibid., 211.
    88 .Ibid., 212.
    89 .Ibid., 210.

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