148 | Ibrahim ibn Khidr al-Qaramani
Suggestions for Further Reading
Doumani, Beshara. Rediscovering Palestine: The Merchants and Peasants of Jabal Nablus,
1700 – 1900. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Doumani draws atten-
tion to the importance of local and regional trade in the Ottoman Empire.
Eldem, Edhem, Daniel Goffman, and Bruce Masters. The Ottoman City between East
and West: Aleppo, Izmir, and Istanbul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
- This book provides a broad and accessible comparison of three major
Ottoman urban centers.
Hanna, Nelly. Making Big Money in 1600: The Life and Times of Ismaɇil Abu Taqiyya,
Egyptian Merchant. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1998. This contex-
tualized biography is of a prominent long-distance merchant in the first half of the
seventeenth century.
Masters, Bruce. The Origins of Western Economic Dominance in the Middle East:
Mercantilism and the Islamic Economy in Aleppo, 1600– 1750. New York: New
York University Press, 1988. This book is a study of the commercial and financial
institutions and practices in the Middle East.
Meriwether, Margaret. The Kin Who Count: Family and Society in Ottoman Aleppo,
1770 – 1840. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999. This book examines the inter-
play among family structure, marriage practices, and the transmission of wealth.
Notes
. For simplicity, I have used a single, Arabic-based system of transcription for foreign
terms in this chapter.
. Ibn al-Hanbali, Durr al-habab fi tarikh aɇyan Halab.
. Al-Tabbakh, Iɇlam al-nubalaɆ. See also al-Ghazzi, Nahr al-dhahab fi tarikh Halab.
. See, for example, Antrim, “Ibn ɇAsakir’s Representation of Damascus.”
. For more on the ulema, see Ghazzal, “The ɇUlamaɆ: Status and Function.”
. Lapidus, Muslim Cities, 117–130; Inalcik, “Capital Formation,” 102–108.
. Inalcik, “Bursa and the Commerce of the Levant.”
. Ibn al-Hanbali, Durr al-habab, 1:88–90. Unethical business practices may have
included usury and grain speculation, which often caused great hardship for the poor, espe-
cially in times of food shortage.
. Ibid., 1:353, 2:159, 520.
. Ibid., 1:88–89.
. Gaube and Wirth, Aleppo, 371.
. Al-Tabbakh, Iɇlam al-nubalaɆ, 6:31–32.
. Roded, “Great Mosques, Zawiyas, and Neighborhood Mosques,” 32–38.
. For more on the ɇUlabi family in later generations, see Meriwether, The Kin Who Count,
193, 203.
.Sijillat al-Mahakim al-Sharɇiyya, Halab (SMS) [Law Court Records, Aleppo], 2:245, Dar
al-Wathaɇiq al-Tarikhiyya [Historical Documentation Center], Damascus, Syria (translations
mine).