Figure 15.1 “The Renegade in all his forms.” Frontispiece from Mémoires du comte de Bon-
neval... ou Le caquet rabatu du renegat dans toutes les forms [Memoirs of the comte de Bon-
neval... or Silencing the boastful renegade by all possible means]. This fantastical illustra-
tion catches Bonneval at the very moment of circumcision, surrounded by a jubilant crowd
of Turks and horn-blowing devils. Note how Bonneval is being restrained and the alarmed
expression on his face. (Reproduced by permission of the Special Collections Library, Penn-
sylvania State University Libraries.)
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