357abdals, 25, 36
Abdülbaki, 241–242, 250
Abdülhamid II, 276, 299
Abdullah, 142, 152, 202, 205, 229, 236
Abdullah Çelebi, 202, 205
Abdülmecid, 262–264
Abū al-Fadশ MuতammadBidlīsī, 101
Abyssinia, 225, 227, 235. See also Ethiopia
Adana, 67, 299
Adrianople, 42, 45, 302
Adriatic Sea, 202
advice literature, 11, 169, 171–172, 174, 176–177,
180, 198
Aegean Sea, 46, 182
Afghanistan, 145
Agayef, Ahmed, 281
aghas, 201, 228
ahidname, 48–50
Ahmed I, 48–49, 177, 198, 225
Ahmed III, 231, 233
Ahmedi, 68, 70
Ahmed Midhat Efendi, 275, 277–278
Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 233
Aintab, 9, 108–121
Aisha, 229
Akhisar, 176, 302
Akhisari (Hasan Kafi), 176–177
Akkoyunlu. See Aqqoyunlu
Akşemseddin, 82
Akyiğitzade Musa, 278
al-Andalus, 275
albergo, 43
al-Djurdjani, 279
Aleppo, 109–112, 118, 123, 137–146, 300
al-Ghazzali, 279
Algiers, 5, 6, 91
Al-Hazen (Ibn al-Haytham), 274
Ali, Arif, 31, 35
Ali, Mullah, 230
Ali Suavi, 276
al-Jabarti, Abd al-Rahman, 227
Al-Kindi, 274
AlɆKonevi, 72
Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU), 315
alliances, 1, 86, 167; Alliance Israélite Univer-
selle, 315; of al-Qaramani, 141, 145; of Bon-
neval, 212; of Christians, 295; European, 96;
between Greece and Bulgaria, 307; of Hadji-
yorgakis, 241; intercommunal, 242; between
Karamani and İskilibi, 82, 84, 85; across lines,
30; political, 242
al-Qaramani, Ibrahim ibn Khidr, 10, 137–147
al-Tabbakh, Muhammad Raghib, 138, 141
al-Tahtawi, RifaɆa, 274
Amid, 109–111
Amiroutzes, George, 58, 60–61
anachronism, 2, 150
Anatolia: Aintab region in, 119; and al-Qara-
mani, 145; Balkans and, 17, 18, 59, 61, 124,
236; Battle of Tercan, 60; Beylik, 7; Carolidis
and, 301; central, 8, 79, 80, 82, 83, 109; Chris-
tian presence in, 299; eastern, 8, 18, 70, 91, 93,
96, 109, 119, 125, 257, 286, 294; and Francesco
Draperio, 45; Halvetiye order in, 81, 83; and
Hass Murad Pasha, 56; historiography of,
27; İskilibi in, 86; Janissaries in, 178; Kangiri
region in, 81; and Karamani, 80–82; Kara-
man region in, 80; and Kösem Sultan, 201;
medieval, 17, 19, 21–22, 31, 36, 79; migration
to, 17; missionaries in, 119; north-central,
8, 82; northwest, 38; Ottoman, 1, 18, 79, 113,
116; people of, 17, 19, 29, 68, 93; politics in, 29,
85, 293; revolts in, 18, 112–113; rulers of, 8, 17;
south-central, 67, 110, 140; southeastern, 32,
93; Timurid invasion of, 67; Tokat, 100; Tur-
coman advance into, 38; western, 74, 82, 235,
297; and Yavuz Selim, 104; Zeyniye in, 83
Andronikos IV, 44
Angeloi family, 57
Angelović, Michael, 59, 60–61, 63
Ankara, 18, 35, 68, 82
Antalya, 67
Anti-Taurus Mountains, 110
anti-Zionism, 320
apostasy, 98, 100–106, 190, 215, 218
Aqqoyunlu, 69–70, 74–77, 95