How Not to Network a Nation. The Uneasy History of the Soviet Internet

6 Introduction and social relations. Taken together, the history and analysis of the OGAS and related attempts to network and co ...

Introduction 7 This book is about civilian networks, not military networks. This is a deliberate choice. I choose to emphasize p ...

8 Introduction socialist collaboration shines brightest online today—a promise that the Soviet OGAS designers were among the fir ...

Introduction 9 innovation and setbacks, cold war tensions, and Western internal politics that backlight this particular case stu ...

10 Introduction technical communication network understood as interlinked digital, elec- tronic, telephonic, or other channels o ...

Introduction 11 tweak our sense of these opposing economic orders. Evidence complicates the tidiness of ideas. This is a convent ...

12 Introduction against which the central tragedy of the remaining chapters and cast of characters unfolds. Chapter 2 examines t ...

Introduction 13 Chapter 5 chronicles the slow undoing of the OGAS between 1970 and Neither formally approved nor fully rejected ...

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I am thinking about something much more important than bombs. I am thinking about computers. —John von Neumann, 1946 Cybernetics ...

16 Chapter 1 Since the mid-1940s, cybernetics’ themes of communication and control in computational biological, social, and symb ...

A Global History of Cybernetics 17 Backlit by observations about how cybernetics, like most scientific dis- course, expresses it ...

18 Chapter 1 reception and eventual embrace by a wide range of readers, including Soviet philosopher-critics, as examined later. ...

A Global History of Cybernetics 19 Macy Conferences on Cybernetics, a series of semiannual (1946–1947) and then annual (1948–195 ...

20 Chapter 1 reason why God should have agreed with us.” Nonetheless, a few remarks help sketch out its conceptual pliability fo ...

A Global History of Cybernetics 21 the label of cybernetics, and he also did not accept the label others had given to his own “i ...

22 Chapter 1 the incongruities of material behavior and the sharp logic of computing, feedback—even more than the cybernetic wat ...

A Global History of Cybernetics 23 He published in the late fifth century under the pseudonym Dionysius the Areopagite, a name f ...

24 Chapter 1 references the hierarchy in “the sacerdotal structure of the Church” in which “the many ends are ordered by the rig ...

A Global History of Cybernetics 25 vaccines, the lobotomy (invented in the 1930s), television, and transistor radios—and other t ...