234 Notes to Chapter 1
10 4. D. G. Malcolm, “Review of Cybernetics at [sic] Service of Communism, vol. 1,”
Operations Research 11 (1963): 1012.
Conway and Siegelman, Dark Hero of the Information Age, 316.
CIA Intelligence Memorandum, No. 0757/64, “The Meaning of Cybernetics in
the USSR,” February 26, 1964, 2, also partially quoted in Flo Conway and Jim Siegel-
man, Dark Hero of the Information Age (New York: Basic, 316).
CIA Intelligence Memorandum, No. 0757/64, “The Meaning of Cybernetics in
the USSR,” 3.
Ibid., 3.
Ibid., 3. See also Gerovitch, “The Cybernetics Scare and the Origins of the Inter-
net,” 35.
Gerovitch, “The Cybernetics Scare and the Origins of the Internet.”
Gerovitch, “InterNyet,” 340.
Gerovitch, From Newspeak to Cyberspeak, 249–251.
Yu. Kapitonova and A. A. Letichevsky, Paradigmi i idei akademika V. M. Glush-
kova (Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 2003), 296.
Igor’ A. Poletaev, “O matematicheskom modelirovnanii,” Problemy kibernetiki
27 (1973): 147.
Igor’ A. Poletaev, “K opredeleniiu poniatiia ‘informatsiia,’” in Issledovanniia po
kibernetike, ed. A. Lyapunov (Moscow: Sovetskoe radio 1970), 212.
Gerovitch, From Newspeak to Cyberspeak, 216.
Simon Kassel, Soviet Cybernetics Research: A Preliminary Study of Organizations and
Personalities (Santa Monica: RAND, 1971), v.
See the titles of Wiener’s Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal
and the Machine and his The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society
(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1950).
Gerovitch, From Newspeak to Cyberspeak, 208.
Ibid., 209–210.
Ibid., 210.
Pospelov and Fet, Ocherki istorii informatiki v Rossii.
Conway and Siegelman, Dark Hero, 316.
Norbert Wiener, “Obschestvo i nauka,” Voprosi Filosofiii 7 (1961): 49–52.