Globalization of Crises and/or the Crisis of Globalization
197in a direction that will move from an energy-intensive consumer model to
a model of balanced world development based on the developed market,
global solidarity, and the Western system of values embodied in the rule of
law, democratization, competitiveness, religious and ethnic tolerance, etc.
We will be able to overcome the economic crisis only if we are able to
generate sustainable economic growth, and that can only be done through
the connection of a new wave of achievements in production, which can
be attained using new technologies at a reasonable expenditure for the
introduction of low carbon infrastructure at a global level, as well as with
the redistribution of resources towards those most endangered. In this
sense Lamberto Dini (Former Prime Minister of Italy), speaks about the
so-called, “Energy trilemma: environmental sustainability, social security,
and equity security.”^27 Security crises are likely to be successfully solved
when we more seriously tackle the problems of poverty and disease, as
well as instabilities that appear due to excessive dependence on strategic
raw materials and goods, such as oil. In addition, it is necessary to
restructure the military budget to address new security needs and to
provide institutional support for the establishment of much stronger
cooperation between the intelligence and security systems in the world. It
seems that it is impossible to successfully face the problems of climate
change without a different model of development and different models of
security. Just as during the crisis in the 1930s, it is necessary to increase
aggregate demand in the context of a large increase in productivity which
is brought about by the “new economy.” Yet the increase in aggregate
demand must be global rather than national, and it must include significant
energy savings on a planetary level of production. All these goals cannot
be achieved without representative and effective global institutions that
have the capacity to create a credible regulatory framework, provide direct
investment in global public goods, and actively mitigate global imbalances
and uneven development. Even Max Weber said that institutions were
determined by their sources of income. In this sense, effective global
institutions should be funded by entirely new sources, including global
taxes on financial transactions (such as the Tobin tax) and taxes on goods
produced by technologies that excessively pollute the environment.
Whether there the political will to make this happen is a separate issue!
Can the multilateral system that was established after World War II, in
1945, be modified and improved to the extent of being effective again, and
can it show the change in the balance of power in the world, to include the
voices of nongovernmental actors (civil society), which in recent decades
(^27) Dini, The Marmara Foundation 2013-2014, 52.