Financial Times Europe - 21.03.2020 - 22.03.2020

2 ★ FT Weekend 21 March/22 March 2020

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CORONAVIRUS

F T R E P O RT E R S

Global efforts to curtail the movements

of people intensified yesterday, under-

lining concerns that lockdown efforts

were proving insufficient to slow the

spread of coronavirus.

New York, which has more than 7,

confirmed cases, ordered all workers in

non-essential business and services to

remain at home from Sunday evening.

Only essential businesses will be func-

tioning, Governor Andrew Cuomo said

at a press conference.

Every worker in non-essential busi-

nessesmust now stay at home, up from

a 75 per cent threshold yesterday. “This

is the most drastic action we can take,”

Mr Cuomo said. France banned all but

essential long-distance travel and closed

popular walkways such as Nice’s Prome-

nade des Anglais and the quays along

the Seine in central Paris.

Christian Estrosi, mayor of Nice, also

announced plans for a curfew from

8pm. “Once shops and pharmacies are

closed, no one has any reason to go out,”

he told the Journal du Dimanche.

Bavaria became the first federal state

in Germany to impose a public lock-

down. Markus Söder, the prime minis-

ter of Bavaria, which saw infections rise

35 per cent between Thursday and yes-

terday said: “We will close down public

life almost completely.” Residents will

be able to leave their homes to go to

work, to visit the doctor or the phar-

macy and to shop for food and other

necessities. There will be a limited

exemption for people to engage in sport-

ing and outdoor activities, although

only alone or together with housemates.

The president of Lombardy, Italy’s

worst-hit region, requested the Italian

military to be deployed on the streets of

Milan to enforce the continued lock-

down.

Attilio Fontana said he had discussed

the deployment in Milan directly with

Italy’s president Sergio Mattarella. The

northern region’s health service is oper-

ating under immense strain.

“There are 114 soldiers, which means

practically nothing,” Mr Fontana said.

“You have to add at least a zero to that

figure to seriously discuss the problem,

but it is good that my request has been

accepted.”

Confirmed cases in Portugal climbed

yesterday to 1,020, an increase of 235

cases, or almost 30 per cent, in 24 hours.

Health authorities said the virus had

claimed the lives of six people. The gov-

ernment warned people to stay indoors

under the terms of a state of emergency

that came into force on Thursday. All

non-essential businesses and restau-

rants must close for at least 15 days, but

can provide takeaway and home deliv-

ery services.

Brazil said it would be banning the

entry of air travel passengers from sev-

eral European and Asian countries.

India’s state of Maharashtra, home to

the financial capital Mumbai, ordered

workplaces to close. Essential services

will operate and food will remain availa-

ble, officials said.

Jordan imposed a ban on all non-es-

sential travel between the country’s 12

governates, the most draconian move

yet by a Middle East state.

Reporting by Joshua Chaffin in New York,

Victor Mallet in Paris, Tobias Buck in

Berlin, Peter Wise in Lisbon, Miles Johnson

in Rome, Amy Kazmin in New Delhi,

Andres Schipani in São Paulo

Global efforts

Lockdowns intensify to fight spread

Drastic action taken

worldwide to close public

life ‘almost completely’

SA M J O N E S —ZURICH

Europe is under siege. But in the village

of Ischgl, Austria, high in the Paznaun

valley, the situation is particularly

stark:theresort famous for its skiingis

under total lockdown.

For the past week, Austrians caught in

the area on holiday have not been per-

mitted to leave. Police man checkpoints

in and out of town. Only foreign citizens

who have acquired a special pass aveh

been permitted tocross and return to

their home countries.

The Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, a

leading centre for epidemiological

research, has named the Austrian

region of Tyrol as one of the10 highest-

risk areas globally, alongside Wuhan,

northern Italy and Iran. And the village

of Ischgl, which has a permanent popu-

lation of just 1,500 people, is at the very

centre of the region’s outbreak.

Hundreds of people across Europe

have contracted the virus in this valley

between the Arlberg and Silvretta mas-

sifs. This has put t in the eye of ai politi-

cal storm,amid accusations that local

authorities were slow to act for fear of

hurting business at one of the busiest

times of the year.

The cluster has become a stark illus-

tration of the degree to whichany cor-

don sanitaire is only as effective as its

weakest part. Anger is growing. “The

breeding ground” read a headline in

Germany’s Der Spiegel news magazine

on Tuesday, asking just how many Ger-

mans had contracted the virus in Tyrol

and unknowingly brought it home,

thanks to their neighbours’ lack of care.

Health authorities have traced doz-

ensof cases in Germany to Ischgl,

though they have yet to make any public

statement on the subject.Half ofNor-

way’s confirmed cases, one-third of all

of those in Denmark and one-sixth of

those in Sweden were contracted in the

tiny resort.

Chancellor SebastianKurz’s rigorous

and swift crackdown ad put his gov-h

ernment at the forefront of European

effort against the pandemic. Austria has

so far confirmed 1,471 cases of the novel

coronavirus. But while Vienna, a dense

city of 2m, has just 180 cases,Tyrol, the

mountainous western region where

Ischgl is located nd which is home toa

751,000 Austrians, has 352.In Austria’s

federalised structure, health isdevolved

to regional governments.

So far, local authorities in Tyrol have

been defiant about their handling of the

situation.“The authorities did every-

thing right,” said Bernhard Tilg, of the

region’s governing conservative People’s

party n an interview with Austria’s statei

broadcaster. “Everything happened

correctly in the right chronological

order.” In reality, said Thomas Hofer, a

Vienna-based political analyst: “It was a

very, very slow response.”

“Right up until last week, there were

pictures and clips on TV of the resort

crammed with people celebrating on

terraces, partying like nothing had hap-

pened,” Mr Hofer noted.As early as

March 5, the Icelandic government des-

ignated the alpine village a high risk

area — alongside Iran, Italy, China and

South Korea.

Even when a member of the bar taffs

at one of Ischgl’s most crowded party

venues, the Kitzloch bar, tested positive

for the virus, authoritiesinsisted the

risk of transmission in public spaces,

even bars, was slight. Fifteen Icelanders

who fell ill with the virus had been

drinking at the Kitzloch, it later

emerged.

In a statement, the state of Tyrol said

it “rejects the criticism that measures

were taken too late to contain the coro-

navirus”. In the early days of the out-

break, many, not unreasonably,

believed infections were likeliest to

have occurred on aeroplanes and in air-

ports.

That ski resorts in the Alps should be

hotbedsis, in retrospect, hardly surpris-

ing: skiers tend to bewell travelled and

resorts bring together unusual clusters

of people inmultifamily chalets and

warm mountain restaurants. Most are

also staffed byseasonal workers, often

livingin shared accommodation. InArl-

berg, many of the receptionists and bar

staffcome from northern Italy.

Many accuse Tyrol’s government fo

putting economic interestsabove those

of public health. The winter sports econ-

omy raws 600,000 tourists annually.d

So far Mr Kurz has maintained public

unity, with officials close to the chancel-

lery tressing that singling out an indi-s

vidual village or regionhelps no one.

There may yet be further infections

traced to Ischgl. When the shutdown

was finally announced last Saturday,

residents recount chaotic scenes. Hun-

dreds of foreign tourists crowded on to

buses to take them down the mountain

home. None were tested. Many spent

the next evening in hotels in the regional

city of Innsbruck. No instructions for

isolation were given.

Austria. esponse criticisedR

Tyrol ski resort becomes hotbed of infection

Authorities accused of acting

too slowly after dozens of

cases traced to village of Ischgl

Quarantine:

police man a

checkpoint near

Ischgl as the

resort goes

under lockdown

Jan Hetfleisch/Getty Images

TO B I A S B U C K— BERLIN

The coronavirus crisis has hit Germany

with full force. Infections are increas-

ing rapidly, schools, factories and bars

have closed across the country, and

government measures to slow the out-

break are becoming more draconian by

the day.

In one crucial way, however, the country

is proving remarkably resilient: relative

to known infections, the number of

deaths has so far been minuscule.

According todata rom Johns Hop-f

kins University, there were 13,979 coro-

navirus infections in Germany by

Thursday afternoon, more than in any

other country except China, Italy, Iran

and Spain.

At the same time, Germany had only

registered 42 deaths. Neighbouring

France, by contrast, reported 9,

infections and 243 deaths. Spain had

17,395 infections and 803 deaths. The

US, the UK, Italy and even South Korea

all show case fatality rates significantly

higher than Germany.

The apparent anomaly has sparked

debate in Germany and beyond, though

experts warn against drawing sweeping

conclusions. They argue that the coun-

try’s low fatality rate most likely reflects

the fact that the outbreak is still at a rel-

atively early stage, and that the age pro-

file of those affected has so far been

younger than that in other countries.

Younger patients without previous ail-

ments have a much better chance of sur-

viving Covid-19 than elderly patients.

Another factor that may help explain

the variance is the unusually high

number of tests eing carried out in Ger-b

many. According to Lothar Wieler, the

president of the Robert Koch Institute,

German laboratories are now conduct-

ing about 160,000 coronavirus tests

every week — more than some Euro-

pean countries have carried out in total

since the crisis started. Even South

Korea, which is conducting 15,000 tests

a day and has been held up by virologists

as an example to follow, appears to be

testing less than Germany.

“This is about capacity. The capacity

in Germany is very, very significant. We

can conduct more than 160,000 tests

per week, and that can be increased fur-

ther,” Prof Wieler told journalists this

week. Test capabilities would be

boosted not least in part by switching

laboratories that specialise in animal

health towards coronavirus checks.

There was no sign that test kits were

running low, Prof Wieler added.

In the short term at least, mass testing

feeds through into a lower fatality rate

because it allows authorities to detect

cases of Covid-19 even in patients who

suffer few or no symptoms, and who

have a much better chance of survival.

It also means that Germany is likely to

have a lower number of undetected

cases than countries where testing is less

prevalent. Indeed, one notable feature

of the coronavirus outbreak in Germany

so far is the high number of relatively

young patients: according to data from

the Robert Koch Institute, more than 80

per cent of all people infected with the

coronavirus are younger than 60.

“Especially at the beginning of the

outbreak in Germany we saw many

cases connected to people returning

from skiing trips and similar holidays,”

said Matthias Stoll, a professor of medi-

cine at the University of Hanover.

“These are predominantly people

who are younger than 80 and who are fit

enough to ski or engage in similar activi-

ties. Their risk of dying is comparatively

low.”

Hans-Georg Kräusslich, a professor of

medicine and the head of virology at the

University Hospital in Heidelberg, said:

“In most cases the illness is mild and

shows few symptoms, and we assume

that the detection of such mild cases

varies from country to country.

In statistical terms that leads to a dif-

ference in case fatality rates.” However

hecautionedthe picture as likely tow

change.

Mass detection

Extensive German testing feeds into low death rate, experts say

Germany’s death toll is far lower

than other European countries’

Total fatalities as of  Mar  GMT

   

Italy

China

Iran

Spain

France

UK

South Korea

Netherlands

Germany

Source: Worldometers

‘Once

shops and

pharmacies

are closed,

no one has

any reason

to go out’

Cases so far

Non-essential traffic to be banned at

US-Mexico border after tough talks

The US-Mexico border will be partially shutto non-

essential traffic to try to halt the spread of coronavirus,

although trucks, trade and people working in the US

will still be allowed through.

Marcelo Ebrard, Mexico’s foreign minister, said the

deal had been hammered out in “intense long days and

nights” of bilateral talks.He said the US had initially

requested a similar shutdown to the one planned for its

northern border with Canada.

Zurich applauds frontline workers

Ukraine president looks to shipment

of China test kits to calm outbreak fears

Ukraine is to receive 10m test kits for the coronavirus

from China in the coming days, President Volodymyr

Zelensky said in an attempt to quell fears that the coun-

try faces a full-blown crisis because of low levels of test-

ing and a limited supply of ventilators.

Mr Zelensky said other supplies coming from China

included 10ventilators, 1m medical masks for the pop-

ulation, 100,000 masks for medical personnel,

400,000 express tests and 10,000 litres of disinfectant.

Residents across the city of Zurich broke into continuous

applause at lunchtime yesterday, leaning out from

windows and standing on balconies to thank frontline

medical staff and other essential workers on the fourth

day of Switzerland’s lockdown.

265,

cases and 11,147 deaths by March 20 18.29 GMT

Source: Johns Hopkins University

Read more at ft.com/coronavirus

CORONAVIRUS

ROUND-UP

S African rand and Mexican peso lead

sell-off of emerging market currencies

Emerging market currencies, excluding China, have

fallen to their weakest level since the Russian and Long-

Term Capital Management crises of the late 1990s.

The sell-off has been led by the Russian rouble and

Mexican peso, which have both lost about a quarter of

their value against the dollar in recent weeks as risk

assets have been dumped amid the deepening corona-

virus crisis and oil price crash. The South African rand

has also fallen about 18 per cent.

Saudi Arabia unveils $32bn package

to relieve pressure on businesses

Saudi Arabia has announced a $32bn stimulus package

to mitigate the impact of coronavirus on the economy.

The package, which is in addition to a $13bn package

announced earlier in the week, includes exemption

from an expat levy for foreign workers nd a three-a

month postponement of tax payments for businesses.

The authorities will also help businesses by delaying

the collection of customs duties and other govern-

mental and municipal fees.

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