ITS programs and strategies worldwide Chapter | 15 167bodies that define ITS and decide the national strategies, such as the Intelligent
Transport Society of Korea (http://www.itskorea.kr), or the ITS of Malaysia
(http://www.itsmalaysia.com.my/content.php).
The Chinese government along with the national transportation industry is
transforming and introduces new development strategies for ITS, such as “New-
Type Urbanization,” “One Belt and One Road,” and “Smart City”, in order to
combat the increasing traffic congestion problems in many big cities that affect
their competitiveness. The national plan invests in large-scale transportation
infrastructure that is expected to gives China a competitive advantage over other
developed countries (Huang, Wei, Guo & Cao, 2017 ). According to the Intel-
ligent Transportation Technology Application Committee of the Transportation
Association, the overall market size of the Chinese ITS industry boomed from
25.28 billion to more than 200 billion Yuan, from 2011 to 2020.
The report presented by NITI Aayog and Boston Consulting Group
(NITI, 2018) defined major challenges for urban mobility in India, such as the
unprecedented vehicle growth (motor vehicles increased from 5.4 million in
1981 to 210 million in 2015), the laxity of enforcement mechanism, the urban
pollution and congestion and the inadequacy of public transport. The also set the
next goals for the national transportation system, which comprise: (1) safe, ade-
quate, and holistic infrastructure, (2) “peak time” travel optimization, (3) better
logistics and goods transport, (4) better and more convenient public transport,
(5) shared mobility, (6) nonmotorized transport, and (7) green mobility tech-
nologies. The list of actions taken by the Indian government for achieving these
goals comprise: (1) the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP)
2020, which was launched in 2013 aiming to sell 6–7 million electric vehicles
per year from 2020 onwards, (2) the FAME-India (Faster Adoption and Manu-
facturing of Hybrid and Electric vehicles) project, (3) the Green Urban Trans-
port Scheme that aims to improve nonmotorized transport, and (4) the National
Transit Oriented Development Policy (in 2017) framework that promotes living
near metros, monorail, and bus rapid transit corridors.
Japan has developed and revised the public-private ITS initiative/roadmap
four times since 2014 and in the latest version (PPITS, 2018) provides a detailed
roadmap for the establishment of automated driving systems, studies their social,
industrial and economic impact and provides the future directions for data man-
agement and sharing as well as for the use of AI. The investment in automatic
driving technologies is expected to solve several road traffic issues, such as reduc-
ing accidents and congestions but also to create a new mobility service sector and
assist Japan’s automotive industry to maintain its competitiveness at the global
level. The roadmap also defines midterm goals referring to the development of an
institutional framework for ITS, the promotion of innovation and safety.
The Australian ITSs industry strategy for 2012–17 (ITS Australia, 2012),
aligned with the strategy of most countries, promotes safe driving, smart
mobility, and environmental friendly ITS. It also defined the main goals for
each pillar, which respectively are: (1) zero accidents based on V2V and V2I