79The Future of Intelligent Transport Systems. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818281-9.00006-1
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Chapter 6
ITS and their users: classification
and behavior
6.1 Introduction and classifications
This section aims at classifying the users that are or will be affected by the
development of ITS. A broad classification of users that are affected by ITS
developments defines the following user classes:
- Drivers
- Road users and travelers
- Transportation professionals
- Regional businesses
- Vulnerable road users (VRUs)
Users in each class have different interests, expectations, perceptions, and
beliefs for ITS and the associated technologies. They examine the same prob-
lems, challenges, and solutions from different aspects and thus their opinions
may vary.
6.2 Impact of the development of ITS on driver behavior
Driving activity can be divided into three distinct levels (Gipps, 1981;
Golias,Yannis, & Antoniou, 2001; Golias, Antoniou, & Yannis, 2002a; Golias,
Antoniou, & Yannis, 2002b): strategic, tactical, and operational. Operating at
the strategic level is about travel planning, finding a route, etc. Tactical level
includes options related to interaction with other road users, such as accepting
gaps, traffic-speed selection, priority assignment, etc. Finally, the functional
level includes activities related to vehicle control such as acceleration/decelera-
tion, lane positioning, etc. The use of ITSt may affect one or more of the above
levels, which are rendered with different parameters. Consequently, you should
be able to (for each system) determine activity levels that are affected by the use
of this specific system.
The immediate impacts are on the targeted functions of its design systemic.
On the other hand, the indirect effects relate to other system effects and in-
clude driver distraction, risk compensation, enhancement risk exposure, etc.
For example, the intelligent-speed adjustment system, controls the speed of the