100 PART | III ITS business models
• Consider the maintenance, upgrade, and renovation of existing infrastruc-
ture during the system planning.
• Clarify legal and ethical issues related to data protection and privacy, as well
as to data usage and operational interoperability
• Establish the technical framework and the necessary services for data ex-
change between the traffic management centers and end-users or external
stakeholders.
• Determine the general framework for ITS service modeling, using common
practices at all levels.
8.4 Stakeholders, relations, and strategies
In order for an investment in ITS to succeed it is important to gain a complete
understanding of the requirements of every possible stakeholder group. Since
the groups of stakeholders may differ between the various ITS services it is
important first to identify the stakeholders that are engaged in each applica-
tion scenario from the first stage of the investment plan. The proper definition
of objectives, roles, and responsibilities has to be defined from the beginning
and be considered in all the remaining stages of deployment and operation.
This preprocessing will allow preventing any conflicts between stakeholders
and achieve the development and exploitation of the solution at a faster pace.
For example, in the case of ITS investments on road networks, a broad clas-
sification of stakeholders may comprise—(1) network users, (2) network users,
and (3) third-party beneficiaries that either provide, operate or use the ITS ser-
vices. The group of road-network operators comprises all the national or local
authorities that control and operate the road network, as well as several road
construction companies that are actively engaged in the development of the
transport network. It also includes agencies that are responsible for traffic moni-
toring and management. The group of road network users comprises both indi-
vidual drivers and passengers, as well as professional drivers (e.g., bus or freight
drivers). The users are mainly interested in information services (e.g., for traffic,
accidents, etc.) but soon will require more advanced services that relate to auton-
omous driving (e.g., car-platooning services, V2I-communication services that
prevent accidents, etc.). Third party companies are usually not directly related
to the construction or transportation industry, but their business interests are
indirectly linked to the smooth operation of the road network or requirements
for a successful ITS solution (e.g., telecommunication or IT-service providers).
In order to run a successful investment plan in ITS, it is necessary to con-
sider all the underlying social, economic, geographic, and political conditions
that hold at any moment and can affect the deployment and operation of ITS.
A complete investment strategy for ITS at a national level must also carefully
examine:
• The differences that may apply between different regions in the quality of
the road network and in the financial ability of local governments to support
the investment.