The Rules of Contagion

Science, 2014.

58. Broockman D. and Kalla J., ‘Irregularities in LaCour (2014)’,
    Working paper, May 2015.


59. Duran L., ‘How to change views on trans people? Just get
    personal’, Take Two®, 7 April 2016.


60. Comment from: Gelman A., ‘LaCour and Green 1, This
    American Life 0’, 16 December 2015.
    https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2015/12/16/lacour-and-
    green-1-this-american-life-0/


61. Wood T. and Porter E., ‘The elusive backfire effect: mass
    attitudes’ steadfast factual adherence’, Political Behavior, 2018.


62. Weiss R. and Fitzgerald M., ‘Edwards, First Lady at Odds on
    Stem Cells’, Washington Post, 10 August 2004.


63. Quotes from author interview with Brendan Nyhan, November
    2018.


64. Nyhan B. et al., ‘Taking Fact-checks Literally But Not Seriously?
    The Effects of Journalistic Fact-checking on Factual Beliefs and
    Candidate Favorability’, Political Behavior, 2019.


65. Example: https://twitter.com/brendannyhan/status/
    859573499333136384.


66. Strudwick P.A., ‘Former MP Has Made A Heartfelt Apology For
    Voting Against Same-Sex Marriage’, BuzzFeed, 28 March 2017.


67. There’s also evidence that people who have changed their mind
    about a topic, and explain why they’ve changed their mind, can
    be more persuasive than a simple one-sided message. Source:
    Lyons B.A. et al., ‘Conversion messages and attitude change:
    Strong arguments, not costly signals’, Public Understanding of
    Science, 2019.


68. Feinberg M. and Willer R., ‘From Gulf to Bridge: When Do Moral
    Arguments Facilitate Political Influence?’, Personality and Social
    Psychology Bulletin, 2015.