Economic Growth and Development
openness with the rest of the world). Chapter 10 explores the deeper determi- nant widely assumed by many scholars to be the mos ...
Chapter 7 The Great Divergence since 1750 The fact that there are large inequalities in the contemporary world economy is the ce ...
peaks, including the Arab Caliphates in the tenth century, China in the eleventh century, or India in the mid-seventeenth centur ...
system in agriculture, modern horse harness and nailed horseshoes were widely adopted in Western Europe. The silk industry emerg ...
European cities remained at relatively high levels (in southern England, for example, never dropping to basic subsistence levels ...
jewellery, and weapons. Most of this went to domestic consumption. This did not indicate high incomes for ordinary people but in ...
travellers’ negative comments on India it is not clear how or why we should trust so much to the judgement of this positive (Bri ...
including cotton, rape seeds, indigo and silk (Hanley and Yamamura, 1977; Yasuba, 1986). There is no evidence (as with the case ...
Japan of around 40 (Hanley, 1983) are also likely to be a significant over-esti- mate. Again, the records Hanley used did not ac ...
via Holland in the 1650s and during the eighteenth century English tea consumption increased by a factor of 400. Coffee reached ...
Hesh and Voth (2009) use a method from the microeconomics of consumer theory to calculate how much of their income consumers wou ...
The earliest crops, such as wheat, barley and peas, which were domesticated around 10,000 years ago, evolved from wild ancestors ...
warfare ... quarrelsome kingdoms ... anarchic wilderness’ (2012:2), while in 1411 the Chinese were building the Grand Canal and ...
Ages, double those in 1600 and 130 times larger than farms in the Yangzi Delta (Brenner et al.,2002). In the Yangzi peasants had ...
375,000 employed in the industry nearly 90 per cent were in formal factory- based production. The industry was extensively mecha ...
through these networks where they were assimilated in a process of ‘oriental globalization’. The early Abbasid caliphs (661–1258 ...
Counter-arguments have been advanced by other scholars. In a review, Hall (2007:149–150) agrees that Hobson presents ‘an excepti ...
Chinese learned to use coal and probably coke (as against charcoal) in blast furnaces for smelting iron, producing 125,000 tonne ...
ninth century and was in general use by the tenth century, though publication remained dominated by government controls over the ...
learned societies, challenges and competitions. There was a tendency to let the findings of each generation slip into oblivion w ...
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