Economic Growth and Development

Madagascar 34, 191, 216
Mahdist Sudan 191
Malawi 30, 34–5, 137, 175, 204, 244,
247
Malaysia 3, 31, 73–4, 76, 106–7, 162,
169–70, 173, 217, 238, 260, 286,
294
Male literacy 40, 89, 118
Mali 2, 186, 246, 260, 273
Malnourishment 2, 35, 122
Malnutrition 33–6, 40, 119, 121, 143,
244
Malthus, Thomas 14, 79–80, 91, 149
Manufacturing 6, 18, 50, 59, 71, 76,
78, 83–4, 104, 106, 111, 113–15,
148, 150–1, 158–9, 162, 166,
169–70, 172, 175, 177–81, 186,
193–4, 196–7, 199–201, 217, 228,
246, 256–7, 269–70, 173, 276,
280–1, 285–7
Maoism 74, 93, 105, 108, 115–6, 140,
174
Marx,Karl 14, 32, 39, 63, 72, 78, 183,
189, 194–97, 204, 253, 286
Maternal mortality 34
Mauritius 43–4, 48, 246, 274, 279
Measles 46, 86, 137–9, 141, 156–7,
238, 243–4
Mexico 8, 27, 44, 91, 155, 202, 238,
263, 278, 283–4
Middle East 29, 31, 39, 46–7, 58, 102,
108,157, 161, 237, 242
Migration 7, 20, 57, 81, 83–5, 99,
120, 144, 146, 151, 159, 167–8,
172, 203–4, 224, 234, 255, 261–2,
265, 268, 270–1, 282, 285, 287,
289
Military 12, 74, 102–3, 108, 110, 113,
152, 156, 161–2, 184, 188–9,
191–3, 203, 209, 242, 255, 261,
263, 272, 287
Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) 33–4, 126
Missing women 36, 80, 91–4, 97, 137
Modernization 39–40, 152, 268, 291,
300
Monetary policy 25, 66
Morocco 119, 175, 201, 204

Mortality 22, 31, 34, 36, 40, 47, 80–2,

85–9, 91–3, 95–7, 109, 112,

119–22, 132–4, 136–8, 140–1, 144,

153–4, 159, 185, 202, 211, 216,

243, 299

Mozambique 30, 47

Mughal Empire 18, 151, 153, 157,

184, 188, 194, 218, 235, 242

Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA) 115

Multinational corporations (MNCs)

23, 75–6, 106, 110, 113–14, 147,

197–8, 221, 225, 286, 295, 297

National Health Service (NHS) 2,

122

Netherlands 18, 20, 44, 119, 155, 198,

222

New Guinea 238

New Zealand 21, 157, 185, 216, 250,

272, 274

Niger 2, 29

Nigeria 4, 26, 35, 47, 82, 90, 112,

130, 183, 186, 190, 192, 200–1,

204, 240, 254, 259, 260, 262, 271

Non-tariff barriers 54, 273–4

North America 3, 6, 39, 44, 209, 223,

237–9, 242, 255, 265, 280

North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement

(NAFTA) 283

North, Douglass 11, 14, 17, 205, 206,

212–14, 218–19

North Korea 61, 74, 210, 217

Norway 1, 2,4, 29, 240, 242, 265

Nutrition 9, 12–13, 21, 23, 26, 28,

33–7, 42, 47, 85, 87–8, 96, 122,

134, 136–7, 144, 153, 166, 203,

248, 288

Oil 13, 17, 27, 41, 47, 63, 71, 106,

146, 154, 171, 186, 190, 197–8,

211–12, 235, 240, 245, 249, 262,

273

Oman 41

Organisation for Economic Co-

operation and Development

(OECD) 115, 125, 199, 203, 273,

275, 277

Ottoman Empire 10, 18, 184, 218,

241, 242, 272

Index 335