218 219
children continued
perception of time 175
per sonalit y 176
reading and writing 130 –131
sense of self 178–179
sle ep 172
cholesterol 205
chorea 201
choroid 66
chromosomes 56, 58, 60, 204
cilia 78
cingulate cortex 121, 134, 178, 209
cingulate gyrus 30, 39
circadian rhythm 46, 92, 93, 187
Circle of Willis 19
circulatory system 17
CJD 200
the Cloud 192–193
clumsiness 47, 201, 215, 216
cocaine 24, 25, 212
cochlea 64, 75, 76
cochlear implants 182, 183
cochlear nerve 75
cognitive ability 153
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
88, 207, 209, 210
cognitive decline 51, 146
cognitive disorders 185
cognitive distortions 171
cognitive function 52, 58–59,
61, 215
cognitive illusions 73
cognitive inflexibility 159
cognitive tasks 26, 211
color associations 65
color vision 70
coma 170, 197, 206
communication see language;
speech
computers 188–189, 190, 192–193
concentration 54, 55, 167, 186, 216
concussion 197
conditioning 38, 134
cones, in retina 67
congenital heart defects 198
congr uence 179
connectome 59
conscientiousness 177
conscious action 101
conscious vision 70, 71
consciousness 10, 29, 30, 35,
162–163, 16 4
altered states of 170 –171
conscious emotion 110 –111
levels of 169
locating 162–163
requirements of 163
consolidation, of memories 138–139
control 10, 11
conversation 128 –129
conversion disorder 210coordination 201, 204, 215
coordinated actions 100
core beliefs 159
cornea 66
corpus callosum 29, 48, 58, 77
cortex 28, 29, 30 –31, 38, 39, 49
and danger 108
folds and grooves 30, 45
and memory 138, 139, 140, 144,
145, 191, 200
monitoring 42–43
neural implants 193
and pain 196
sensory areas 64–65
cortical intraweb 193
cortical layers 31
cortisol 93, 208
cranial nerves 12 , 13, 36, 81
cranial ultrasound 41
craniotomy 200
cranium 16
cravings 113
creativity 154 –155
boosting 156 –157
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
(CJD) 200
crying 106
CT (computer tomography) scans
41 , 198
cytosine 56D
danger 101, 108, 109
daydreaming 154, 170
death 162
decision-making 122, 123, 168 ,
169
declarative (explicit) memories
135, 147
deep sleep 172
deep brain stimulation (DBS) 185 ,
18 7, 2 01
default mode network 154
defecation 13
dehydration 54, 94, 95 , 196
deictic gestures 119
déjà vu 141
delta brain waves 42
delusions 171, 211
dementia 50, 52, 127, 146 , 200
dendrites 20 , 21, 22, 23, 26–27, 136
dentate nucleus 97
depolarization 22, 23, 24
depression 147, 185, 206 , 207
diabetes 206
diet see food
diffusion tensor imaging 40, 43
diffusion, and blood-brain barrier
18
digestion 13, 92, 108digital “maps” 182, 183
disease see brain disorders
d i s g u s t 39, 111, 116
dissociative amnesia 146
distractions 146, 165 , 167, 169
divided attention 165
dizziness 197, 199, 202, 208, 214
DNA 56, 57, 60, 61, 176
docility 39
dog s 179
DOI (diffuse optical imaging) scans
41
dopamine 24, 112, 113, 114, 174,
175, 201, 211, 212
dorsal raphe 186
dorsal (upper) route, in visual
processing 70–71, 100
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 122
Down syndrome 204 , 215
dreams 172–3
dropout, in neural networks 188
drugs 24 , 25
addiction 113, 212
and altered states 170, 211
and memory 146
painkillers 88
DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) 40,
43
dualism 162, 163
dura mater 16, 198
dyscalcula 215
dysgraphia 130
dyslexia 130, 131 , 215
dyspra xia 215E
eardr um 74
ears
hearing 74 –77
and position 84
eating disorders 214
EEG (electroencephalograph) 42 ,
43, 168, 189
efflux transporters 19
eidetic memory 149
Einstein, Albert 153
electrical signals 20, 22–23, 24, 74,
75, 136 –137, 197
electrode implants 190
electromagnetic fields 42
electromagnets 49
electromyograph (EMG) 168
electrosniffers 182
embryos 44–45, 58
emotions 11, 48, 77, 106 –107
and belief 158
body language 118 –119
and brain stem 186
and cataplexy 205emotions continued
conscious 110 –111
control of 200, 211
emotional awareness 171
emotional reactions 111
emotional response 32, 167
facial expressions 110, 116 –117
and memory 38, 107, 137, 140, 147
mimicking 123
and morality 122, 123
sex and love 114 –115
and sleep 173
teenagers 46, 47
versus mood 111
empathy 123, 200
encephalins 87
encephalitis 198
endocannabinoids 113
endocrine glands 93
endocrine system 34, 92–93
endorestiform nucelus 187
endorphins 87, 107, 212
energy consumption 18–19
enhancement, technological
190 –191
environment
and altered states 170
and belief 158
and brain development 44, 52,
60–61
and brain disorders 202, 211
and personality 176
scanning 165
en z yme s 137
ependymal cells 21
epidermis 82
epigenetic changes 60, 61
epilepsy 147, 170, 185, 197 , 215
episodic memories 135
epithalamus 34
ESP (extrasensory perception) 182
estrogen 93, 115
Eustachian tube 74
events, and belief 158
evolution 80, 123, 126, 150, 165
excitatory neurotransmitters 24
e x e r c i s e 52 , 111
expressions, facial 116 –117, 118 , 119
extroversion 177
eye contact 121
eyes
and attention 164
body language 118
facial expressions 116, 117, 119
movement 36
and position 84
seeing 64, 66 –73US_218-224_Index_acks.indd 219 20/09/2019 12:53