How the Brain Works The Facts Visually Explained by DK (z-lib.org)

F

face recognition area 44, 68

facial expressions 116 –117, 118 , 119

and conversation 128, 129

reflex and conscious 110

facial recognition 71, 72, 149, 217

facial symmetry 115

factitious disorders 210

factual beliefs 159

false memory 141

f a s ting 170, 171

fat

in brain 10, 55

in diet 52, 54

fear 38, 39, 106, 108–109, 111,

116 , 117

feedback loops 35, 91

feelings see emotions

female brain 58–59

fetus, sex of 58

fields of vision 69

fight-or-flight 13, 107, 108 , 109,

154

filaments 20

fine motor skills 215

flaccid paralysis 203

flashbulb memories 148

Flynn effect 153

fMRI (functional MRI) scans 40, 43 ,

102, 103, 121, 154

focusing 155, 166 –167, 186

food 52, 54–55, 61, 94, 95, 113,

216

eating disorders 214

taste 80–81

foramina 16

forebrain 28, 29 , 32

foreign accent syndrome 126

forgetfulness 146, 200, 216

forgetting 49, 14 4 –145, 188

amnesia 146 –147

free radicals 55

free will 168

frequencies 76, 77

Freud, Sigmund 169

frontal cortex 46, 117, 171, 212

a n d e m o t i o n 110 , 111

and movement 96, 97, 209

reward centers 112

and senses 81, 87

frontal lobe 29, 30, 48, 111, 211

and attention 100, 164

and consciousness 163

and intelligence 150

and memory 134

and senses 68, 77

frontotemporal dementia 200

fungal infections 198

fusiform gyrus 217

G

gamma brain waves 42, 151

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

24, 25

g anglia 13

ganglion cells 67

garden path statements 128

gastrin 93

gender 148

general anesthesia 90 , 163

general intelligence factor (g) 153

genetics

and addiction 113, 212

and brain development/function

44, 52, 56–57, 60–61

and brain disorders 201, 202, 209,

211, 212, 216

and creativity 154

and intelligence 151

and learning disabilities/

difficulties 215

and memory 148

and migraines 196

mutations 57 , 201

and personality 176

gestures 118, 119 , 129

ghrelin 93, 94

glands 93

glia 10, 21 , 28

globus pallidus 32, 33, 97

glucagon 93

glucose 18, 19, 91, 93, 94

glutamate 24, 25, 26, 27, 211

glymphatic system 173

golgi tendon organs 85

Google effect 145

grand mal 197

graphene 183

gravity 84

gray matter 10, 20 , 28, 32, 51, 60,

99, 211, 212

growth 35

spurts 85

guarine 56

Guillain-Barré syndrome 203

gyri 30, 118, 127

H

habituation 134

hallucinations 171, 200, 211

happiness 39, 106, 107, 116, 117

and aging 50

and ideal self 179

head injuries 197 , 198, 206

headaches 196

health

anxiety about 210

brain 52

hearing 36, 64, 74 –77, 182

heart 18, 95, 198

heart defects 215

heart disease 205

heart rate 13, 24, 36, 90, 92, 107,

108, 109, 110

hemiplegia 203

hemispheres 10 , 29 , 58, 59, 125

hemorrhages 41, 197, 199 , 206

high-functioning ASD 217

hindbrain 28 , 37

hippocampal fold 31

hippocampus 38, 39, 48, 49, 58, 60,

61, 102

and brain disorders 200, 203, 211,

212, 213

and emotions 107

and memory 32, 134, 135, 136,

137, 138, 139, 146, 147, 148,

149, 191

histamine 24

histone modification 61

homeostasis 34, 82, 90–91, 92

homosexuality 59

hormones 19, 34, 35, 187, 196

and emotions 106, 107

fear and anger 108, 109

hunger and thirst 94

motherhood 49

neuroendocrine system 92–93

sex and love 114–115

see also endocrine system

hunger 94 , 95, 112

Huntington’s disease 57, 201

hydration 54

hydrocephalus 16, 205

hyperactivity 164, 190, 216

hyperorality 39

hypersexuality 39

hypnagogic state 170

hypnosis 170

hypocretin 205

hypomania 207

hypothalamus 32, 34–35, 38, 39, 59,

187

and brain disorders 196, 205, 207

and emotions 107

hunger and thirst 94, 95

neuroendocrine system 92–93

regulatory system 90, 91

sex and love 114, 115

hypothesis testing, and intelligence

150

I

ideal self 179

ideas, flow of 154–155, 156

identical twins 61, 176

identity, self and 179

ideological beliefs 159

illness anxiety disorder 210

illusions 73 , 153, 174

imagination 10

imaging technology 40–41

immune system 109, 202

implants

brain/Cloud interfaces 193

nano neurobots 190

neurograins 191

and senses 182

improvisation, in music 155

impulses 39, 46, 48, 184, 190, 191

impulsiveness 213, 216

inattentiveness 216

infantile amnesia 146

infections 17, 18, 198, 206

inferior frontal gyrus 103

inferior temporal gyrus 30

inflammation 198

information processing 215

inherited diseases 57, 60, 201

inhibition 48

inhibitory neurotransmitters 24

injuries, and pain signals 86

innate responses 110

inner ear 75, 84

insula 81, 158

insulin 93, 94

intelligence 150 –151

artificial intelligence 188–189

A SD 217

measuring 152–153

t ypes of 150 –151

intensity, sound 76

intention 103

interfering memories 145

interior cortex 69

internal clock s 174 –175

internet 145, 192

intracerebral hemorrhage 199

introspection 169

intrusive thoughts 209

invertebrates 14

involuntary functions 12, 13

ion balances 90

IQ (intelligence quotient) 61,

152–153, 215

irises 66

ironic process theory 169

J

joint receptors 84, 85

judgment 48

jugular veins 18

junk food 113

K

Kennedy disease 202

kidneys 93, 95

Klüver, Heinrich 39

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