Financial Times 08Apr2020

(Amelia) #1

2 ★ FINANCIAL TIMES Wednesday8 April 2020


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CORONAVIRUS


R O B I N H A R D I N G— TOKYO

Japan is gambling that it can control the
spread of coronavirus without a full
lockdown as Shinzo Abe yesterday
declared a “state of emergency”.

The prime minister’s declaration will
give governors in seven prefectures the
power to request business closures to
increase social distancing. It follows a
rise in the number ofcoronavirus asesc
in Japan to more than 4,000 nationwide.
But the closures are not compulsory
and many shops, restaurants and facto-
ries will be allowed to stay open to keep
the economy ticking over, raising ques-
tions about how effective the new meas-
ures will be.
“Even with the state of emergency
declaration, the expert opinion is we do
not need to lock down our cities like
they have done abroad,” said Mr Abe,
who pledged a ¥39tn ($359bn) package
of public support equivalent to about
7 per cent of annual economic output.
“As a government, we aim to minimise
the impact on the economy and society.”
The state of emergency will initially
apply to seven urban prefectures that
make up about half of Japan’s economy

— Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba,
Osaka, Hyogo and Fukuoka — but gov-
ernment officials said the list might
expand. It will last for one month, unless
renewed.
Mr Abe’s experiment will be closely
watched by other nations because it will
test whether a country can control Cov-
id-19 without a full lockdown, despite
having a significant number of cases and
no mass testing for coronavirus.
“It’s very hard to know if the state of
emergency is justified or whether it will
be effective because Japan hasn’t done
the testing,” said Masahiro Kami, head
of the Medical Governance Research
Institute. Japan has conducted about
45,000 tests for the virus, far fewer than
South Korea, which has administered
about almost half a million tests.
The Tokyo metropolitan government
is expected to request the closure of
gyms, theatres, cinemas, cram schools,
karaoke boxes, museums, libraries,
department stores, shopping centres,
bars and night clubs, among other busi-
nesses.
But a range of facilities considered
essential will be allowed to stay open.
They include supermarkets, pharma-

cies, convenience stores, hotels, facto-
ries, restaurants, railways and bus
services, allowing a much wider range
of economic activity than in other
countries.
The public will be asked to stay home
unless it is essential to go out, but com-
muting to work is an acceptable reason
to leave the house. Withschools having
closed more than a month ago, there is

already somehygiene fatigue n Japan.i
Dr Kami was doubtful that the declara-
tion would make a big difference to pub-
lic behaviour.
Even with only a partial lockdown,
the state of emergency is expected to hit
Japan’s economy hard, prompting Mr
Abe to launch Japan’s largest stimulus
package ever — amounting to about 20
per cent of gross domestic product if
loan guarantees are included.
The government will make direct
cash payments of ¥300,000 ($2,756) to
households that have lost income in the
crisis.
“This will be one of the largest eco-
nomic support packages worldwide,
with a record level of financing support,
¥26tn in deferred social security pay-
ments for the first time in this country,
¥6tn in direct cash distributions and an
unprecedented overall scale of ¥39tn in
public spending,” said Mr Abe.
Kiichi Murashima, an economist at
Citi in Tokyo, said the package was cru-
cial but it was “more economic relief
than economic stimulus” and what hap-
pened to output would depend on how
quickly the virus was brought under
control.

Japan


Abe gambles on partial lockdown in ‘state of emergency’


Tokyo: many shops, factories and
restaurants will stay open nationwide

Cases so far


Norway to reopen kindergartens
and primary schools this month

Norway has followedDenmark in setting out a time-
table to reopen kindergartens and primary schools for
the youngest childrenthis month. Erna Solberg,prime
minister, said kindergartens could reopen from April
20 and primary schoolsa week later. All schools were
closed in Norway on March 12.Denmark said kinder-
gartens and primary schoolswould open on April 15.
Some parents and teachers have expressed concern
about exposing children while the rest of society is shut.

Spanish football league faces €1bn loss


Mistaken belief in disease prevention
leads to 600 Iran alcohol-related deaths

The number of Iranians who died of alcohol poisoning
reached 600 yesterday based on a mistaken assump-
tion that drink could help ward off coronavirus.
Gholamhossein Esmaili, Iran’s judiciary spokesman,
said yesterday that 3,000 people were poisoned across
the country. “Those distributing non-standard alcohol
in Khuzestan and Khorasan provinces have been
arrested and will be held accountable for putting
people’s lives at risk,” he said.

La Liga, Spain’s top football division, which includes Real
Madrid, pictured, is facing potential losses of up to €1bn
owing to thepandemic. The competition is suspended
and is unlikely to resume until the end of May at the
earliest, the leaguesaid esterdayy.

1,381,
and 78,269 deaths as at 18.30 BST, April 7
Source: Johns Hopkins University
Read more at ft.com/coronavirus

CORONAVIRUS


ROUND-UP


White House in talks with senators to
boost loan scheme for small businesses

The White House is in talks with US senators to expand
a government lending programme for suffering small
businesses by more than $200bn.
Mitch McConnell, the Kentucky Republican and Sen-
ate majority leader, said additional funding for a
$350bn lending fund for small businesses needed to be
approved rapidly, given the high level of demand. “Bil-
lions of dollars have already landed and tens of billions
more are already in the pipeline,” he said.

Bangkok gives go-ahead for $58bn
stimulus, the largest in south-east Asia

Thailand’s government yesterday approved a $58bn
stimulus package, backed by the Bank of Thailand, to
support households and businesses in the face of the
pandemic, marking the largest state intervention of its
kind seen in south-east Asia since the outbreak began.
The measures include 500bn baht ($15.3bn) worth of
soft loans to support small and midsize enterprises and
a 400bn baht fund to be set up to enhance the liquidity
of the corporate bond market.

C L I V E C O O KS O N— LONDON

The president of the European Research
Council — the EU’s top scientist — has
resigned after failing to persuade Brus-
sels to set up a large-scale scientific pro-
gramme to fight Covid-19.
Professor Mauro Ferrari, who started
a four-year term as leader of Europe’s
flagship scientific institution on January
1, submitted his resignation to Euro-
pean Commission president Ursula von
der Leyenyesterday.
“I have been extremely disappointed
by the European response to Covid-19,”
hesaid in a statement.
“I arrived at the ERC a fervent sup-
porter of the EU [but] the Covid-19 cri-

sis completely changed my views,
although the ideals of international col-
laboration I continue to support with
enthusiasm.”
The ERC, set up in 2007 to fund
Europe’s best scientists, has become one
of the world’s most prestigious funding
agencies with a budget of about €2bn
a year.
Prof Ferrari, an Italian-American pio-
neer of nanomedicine, said his rift with
the commission started in early
March “as it became evident that the
pandemic would be a tragedy of possi-
bly unprecedented proportions”.
He said he proposed then to set up a
special ERC programme to combat
Covid-19.
“I thought that at a time like this, the
very best scientists in the world should
be provided with resources and oppor-
tunities to fight the pandemic, with new
drugs, new vaccines, new diagnostic

tools, new behavioural dynamic
approaches based on science, to replace
the oft-improvised intuitions of political
leaders,” he said.
But the ERC Scientific Council, its gov-
erning body, unanimously rejected the
idea, he said, on the grounds that its
remit allowed it to fund only “bot-
tom-up” research proposed by scien-
tists, rather than larger “top-down”
programmes with objectives set by EU
leaders.
“I argued that this was not the time for
scientific governance to worry exces-
sively about the subtleties of the distinc-
tions between bottom-up versus top-
down research,” said Prof Ferrari, who
spent much of his career as a prominent
cancer researcher in the US.
He said he got a second chance when
Ms von der Leyen asked him for
his views on addressing the pandemic.
He then developed a plan “to which

she contributed substantial directives”.
“The very fact that I worked directly
with her created an internal political
thunderstorm,” he claimed.
“The proposal was passed on to dif-
ferent layers of European Commission
administration, where I believe it disin-
tegrated upon impact.”
Prof Ferrari also lamented “the com-
plete absence of co-ordination of health-
care policies among member states, the
recurrent opposition to cohesive finan-
cial support initiatives, the pervasive
one-sided border closures” throughout
the EU.
With the commission’s agreement,
after Prof Ferrari became ERC president
he remained a part-time affiliate profes-
sor at the University of Washington
School of Pharmacy in Seattle.
He now plans to set up an interna-
tional research initiative to fight Cov-
id-19 from the US.

Rift


Top EU scientist quits over policy snub


ERC president ‘extremely
disappointed’ at Brussels

response to research idea


G E O R G E PA R K E R A N D S E BA ST I A N PAY N E
LONDON

It was when Boris Johnson’s cabinet
ministers were asked to join a confer-
ence call on Monday evening with Mark
Sedwill, Britain’s top civil servant, that
they knew the coronavirus crisis was
taking a dark new turn. “It’s never good
news when you get a call like that,” said
one minister.
Sir Mark’s confirmation that the UK
prime Ministerhad gone into intensive
care meant that the government,
already struggling to keep up with the
spread of the disease, had to adapt to a
situation where its leader was himself
stricken.
Mr Johnson’s instruction that
Dominic Raab, foreign secretary, should
deputise for him “as necessary” put the
spotlight on notoriously opaque consti-
tutional arrangements and how the gov-
ernment should function in an emer-
gency. Two British prime ministers in
the postwar era have temporarily
handed over the reins to other ministers
due to ill health: Anthony Eden and
Harold Macmillan.
Mr Raab, designated first secretary of
state by Mr Johnson in July last year, was
already viewed as the prime minister’s
de facto deputy, but his authority in this
crisis is rooted in the personal endorse-
ment given to him by the ailing premier
from London’s St Thomas’ hospital.
Although Mr Raab is seen by some in
the Conservative party as a wooden
media performer whose uncompromis-
ing views on Brexit have alienated some
colleagues, most ministers believe he
can hold down the job of de facto pre-
mier for weeks, if necessary.
“Whatever you think of the prime
minister’s politics, he has a big mandate
and is very popular as a person with vot-
ers,” said one minister. “Dominic’s posi-
tion is strong, based on the sympathy
people have for Boris.”
The idea that rivals for the top job
should use the moment of Mr Johnson’s

hospital stay to jockey for position is
seen as highly unlikely by cabinet minis-
ters, especially because such manoeu-
vring in a national crisis would be
widely condemned. “People are dying,”
said one Tory official.
Catherine Haddon, senior fellow at
the Institute for Government think-
tank, said it was “entirely possible for
government business to continue with-
out the PM present”.
“Constitutionally it is quite straight-
forward: we have a prime minister, he
remains prime minister, but others can
deputise for him,” she said. “His powers
are informal and political: the PM is the
figurehead at the top of government but
they also run the machine.”
Mr Raab has already spoken with cab-
inet ministers, promising a full discus-
sion and collective verdict on the next
big decision for the government: henw
to continue with lockdown measuresas
they come up for review over the Easter
weekend.

The government’s Covid-19 commit-
tee, which convenes at 9.15am daily, is
directing the government response. In
Mr Johnson’s absence, Mr Raab will
thrash out operational details with Rishi
Sunak, chancellor, Matt Hancock,
health secretary, and Michael Gove,
cabinet office minister.
Tensions already exist in the “war
cabinet” between Mr Hancock and Mr
Gove over the government’s response to
the risis. Mr Gove, whoc covets the top
job, is likely to eye Mr Raab enviously.
Meanwhile, the Treasury, anxious
about the economic costs of a prolonged
lockdown, and the Department of
Health, desperate to protect the
National Health Service from a surge in
cases, have also clashed, although min-
isters say relations between Mr Sunak
and Mr Hancock remain cordial.
Downing Street saidyesterday that
Buckingham Palace had agreed to sus-
pend the weekly audience of the Queen
and prime minister during Mr Johnson’s

spell in hospital, meaning that Mr Raab
will not be involved in the intimate dia-
logue between monarch and premier.
Nor will Mr Raab have the power to
hire or fire ministers. “The prime minis-
ter always remains the prime minister,”
Mr Gove told the BBCyesterday.
The first secretary would, however,
have the power to authorise military
action to defend Britain; the cabinet and
the National Security Council, which Mr
Raab will chair in Mr Johnson’s absence,
provide the framework for such action.
Letters from Mr Johnson to the com-
manders of submarines carrying Brit-
ain’s nuclear deterrent would remain
operative for as long as he remained
prime minister.
If Mr Raab also succumbed to the
virus or became otherwise incapaci-
tated, Downing Street said the baton
would pass to Mr Sunak, next in the offi-
cial cabinet pecking order. Priti Patel,
home secretary, would be the next in
line followed by Mr Gove.

Leadership. ole changeR


Raab steps into UK constitutional breach


Foreign secretary to deputise


forprime minister as opacity


of political system is laid bare


Under spotlight:
foreign secretary
Dominic Raab,
right, arrives at
Downing Street
yesterday to
brief the media
on Boris Johnson
and the virus
fight nationwide
Stefan Rousseau/PA Wire

‘This was
not the time

for scientific
governance

to worry
excessively

about...
bottom-up

versus
top-down

research’


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