Real Communication An Introduction

xxi

Abstraction 73

Group Identification and Meaning 74

Wired for Communication: Speaking in Code 75

Problematic Uses of Language 76

Hateful and Hurtful Language 76

Labeling 76

Biased Language 77

Evaluating Communication Ethics: Résumé Language 78

Profanity and Civility 79

Language in Context 79

Situational Context 80

Communication Across Cultures: Teaching Twain 81

Relational Context 82

Cultural Context 83

Real Communicator: Matt Burgess 84

Mediated Contexts 87

What About You? Beliefs about “Talk” 88

REAL REFERENCE: A Study Tool 91

For videos and LearningCurve quizzing within LaunchPad, go to bedfordstmartins.com/realcomm

chapter 4 Nonverbal Communication 93

The Nature of Nonverbal Communication 94

Nonverbal Behavior Is Communicative 94

Nonverbal Communication Is Often Spontaneous and Unintentional 95

Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous 95

Nonverbal Communication Is More Believable Than Verbal Communication 96

Functions of Nonverbal Communication 97

Reinforcing Verbal Messages 97

Substituting Verbal Messages 97

Contradicting Verbal Messages 97

Managing Impressions and Regulating Interactions 98

Creating Immediacy 99

Deceiving Others 99

What About You? Nonverbal Immediacy Scale 100

Nonverbal Communication Codes 101

Gestures and Body Movements 101

Real Communicator: Octavia Spencer 102

Facial Expressions 103

Eye Behavior 104

Voice 105

Contents

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