Chapter 13 Organizing, Writing, and Outlining Presentations 395- The speaker keeps her audi-
ence involved in the speech by
asking questions. - The speaker continually
makes her topic relevant to the
audience. - The speaker effectively uses
an internal summary in her tran-
sition to her next main point. - Main point 1
- Main point 2
- Main point 3
Transition: So what exactly is sleep deprivation?
Body
I. In a personal communication with Dr. Arkeenah Jones, a family
physician, on March 15, 2013, she noted that sleep deprivation is a
condition in which a person does not get enough sleep, which can
lead to chronic exhaustion. •
A. The National Sleep Foundation’s 2013 Bedroom Poll notes
that 78 percent of American adults polled sleep less than eight
hours per night, with 53 percent getting less than the minimum
recommended seven hours sleep per night.
B. The results of the survey I passed out last week reveal that
30 percent of people in this very classroom get less than six
hours of sleep on weeknights.
Transition: By a show of hands, how many people in this room like
to sleep? • I thought so. If we enjoy sleeping so much, why are we not
getting enough of it?
II. There are many causes of sleep deprivation, according to the Cen-
ters for Disease Control and Prevention. •
A. Busy work and family schedules contribute to sleep deprivation.
- As college students, many of us are trying to handle full-time
course work and full- or part-time jobs to help pay for tuition,
in addition to maintaining relationships with loved ones. • - New parents are often incredibly sleep deprived as they
attempt to adjust to life with an infant as well as those infa-
mous nighttime feedings. - Shift workers (including police officers, nurses, pilots, and so
on) often have trouble establishing good sleep habits because
their schedules change frequently and they are sometimes
required to work the night shift.
B. Late-night television and Internet use can interfere with the
ability to fall asleep or can prevent individuals from adhering to
a bedtime schedule.
C. The use of caffeine and alcohol can also make it difficult to fall
asleep and stay asleep.
D. Some medical conditions—including insomnia and obstructive
sleep apnea—also make sleeping incredibly difficult.
Transition: As we’ve seen, busy schedules, overuse of media, the in-
take of alcohol and caffeine, and medical conditions can all cause sleep
deprivation, • but why does sleep deprivation truly matter so much?
III. Sleep deprivation can have negative effects on the health and safety
of individuals and the community at large. •
A. According to Lisa Zamosky, a health columnist for the Los Angeles
Times and writer for WebMD, sleep deprivation is linked to
poor concentration and lack of energy.