32 Ibid.
33 Ibid., p. 174.
34 Ibid., p. 175.
35 American Medical Association, “History of the RBRVS,” http://www.ama-
assn.org//ama/pub/physician-resources/solutions-managing-your-practice/coding-billing-
insurance/medicare/the-resource-based-relative-value-scale/history-of-rbrvs.page. Accessed
October 9, 2019.
36 Uwe Reinhardt, “Medicare Innovations in the War Over the Key to the US Treasury,” in
Medicare and Medicaid at 50, America’s Entitlement Programs in the Age of Affordable
Care, Alan B. Cohen, David C. Colby, Keith A. Wailoo, and Julian Zelizer, eds. (Oxford,
UK: Oxford University Press, 2015), p. 178.
37 Uwe Reinhardt, “Medicare Innovations in the War Over the Key to the US Treasury,” in
Medicare and Medicaid at 50, America’s Entitlement Programs in the Age of Affordable
Care, Alan B. Cohen, David C. Colby, Keith A. Wailoo, and Julian Zelizer, eds. (Oxford,
UK: Oxford University Press, 2015), p. 179.
38 Kaiser Family Foundation, “10 Essential Facts About Medicare’s Financial Outlook,” Feb. 2,
2017, http://kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/10-essential-facts-about-medicares-financial-
outlook/. Accessed October 9, 2019.
39 Uwe Reinhardt, “Medicare Innovations in the War Over the Key to the US Treasury,” in
Medicare and Medicaid at 50, America’s Entitlement Programs in the Age of Affordable
Care, Alan B. Cohen, David C. Colby, Keith A. Wailoo, and Julian Zelizer, eds. (Oxford,
UK: Oxford University Press, 2015), p. 182.
THIRTEEN: DEVICE CLEARANCE
1 Philip J. Hilts, Protecting America’s Health: The FDA, Business, and One Hundred Years of
Regulation (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), p. ix.
2 Ibid., p. 3.
3 Ibid., p. x.
4 Ibid., p. xi.
5 David Greenberg, “How Teddy Roosevelt Invented Spin,” Atlantic, Jan. 24, 2016,
https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/01/how-teddy-roosevelt-invented-
spin/426699/. Accessed October 9, 2019.
6 Ibid.
7 Philip J. Hilts, Protecting America’s Health: The FDA, Business, and One Hundred Years of
Regulation (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), p. 24.
8 Ibid., p. 55.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid., p. 93.
11 Ibid.
12 Carol Rados, “Medical Device and Radiological Health Regulations Come of Age,” FDA
Consumer Magazine, Jan.–Feb., 2006,
https://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/whatwedo/history/productregulation/medicaldeviceandradiolo
gicalhealthregulationscomeofage/default.htm. Accessed October 9, 2019.