Gluten avoidance, 187, 211–13,
237, 238, 243
Goat, 27, 82, 92, 94, 97, 100
Grains, refined and enriched,
30–31, 188; why people eat,
32–33
Grains, whole, 29–34, 161, 188,
195, 213, 228–30; anatomy of,
29–30, 188; buying local, 35;
cooking time for, 32–33; intact,
30; labels of, 34; landrace,
heirloom, and ancient, 36–37;
lesser-known options, 35–38;
milling yourself, 37–38;
servings of, 30, 31; tips for
enjoying, 35–38; why people
don’t eat more, 32–33
Grass-fed animals, 47, 52, 98,
100–2, 150–51
Grilling, cancer risk and, 142–45
Growth hormones, 52, 75, 93, 126,
146, 149, 150, 155
Gut microbiome, 53–55, 131, 179,
200
H
Ham, 134
Health halo effect, 184–85
Hemp milk, 48, 49
Herbicides, 17
Herring, 105, 115, 116
Honey, 198
Hot dogs, 134, 136–37, 138, 206–7
I
Illnesses, foodborne, 21, 106,
206–7
Ingredients, 180, 181, 221; clean-
label movement and, 160, 162,
203; safe vs. scary, 203–4
K
Ker nza, 74
L
Labels, 176–88, 221; allergies and,
209–10; clean-label movement
and, 160, 162, 203; dates on,Fast food, 224. See also Restaurants
Fats, dietary, 45–47, 176–78, 179.
See also Oils
Feed conversion efficiency, 192–93
Fermented foods, 53–55, 161
Fertilizers, 14, 26, 37, 72
Fiber, dietary, 29–30, 79, 140, 213;
in fruit, 42, 43; gut microbiome
and, 53–55, 179; on labels, 179,
180
Fish and seafood, 3, 27, 47, 82–84,
103–20, 132, 138, 192, 193,
209, 241; farmed, 108, 112,
113–16; foodborne illness from,
106; fraud and, 86; mercury
in, 104–6, 110; nutrients in,
103–4; PCBs in, 114; slavery at
sea and, 117–20; smoked and
cured, 134, 136; sustainability
of, 87–88, 107–12, 253–54;
third-party certification labels
and, 111, 119, 151–54. See also
Seafood Watch
Flax milk, 49, 50
Flaxseed oil, 62, 63
Flexitarian diet, 61, 82, 141, 187
Fluoridation, 11
Food dyes, 205
Food fraud, 85–88
Food Justice Certified, 16, 99
Food waste, 22–25, 68, 94, 215,
217–18, 246–47
Freezing food, 25
Frozen foods, 68–70, 106
Fructose, 42–44
Fruit juice, 43, 44
Fruits, 3, 104, 161, 192, 194, 195,
199, 201; dried, 43, 44; grilling,
143–44; sugar in, 42–44. See
also Produce
G
Germ, 29, 30, 32, 41, 188
Glass containers, 165, 166, 167,
171, 175
Global Animal Partnership (GAP)
Certified, 98, 126, 133, 149,
154–55
266 how to be a Conscious Eater