2 PARIS, 1937: COLONIAL QUESTIONS AND PEACE 131The IIIC was also represented at the Conference on Solutions, among
its delegates being Gross, Christophersen, Leonard J. Cromie and Carl
Major Wright, the last three being respectively the ISC’s secretary-
rapporteurs for the study of colonial questions, demographic ques-
tions and Danubian problems. As one would expect, certain member
institutions of the ISC also took part in the conference: the Graduate
Institute of International Studies was represented by seven delegates,
among them being Paul Mantoux. Mantoux had acted as an interpreter
for the Supreme Council (also known as the Council of Four and the
Big Four) at the Paris Peace Conference, after which he went on to
become the first director of the LON Secretariat’s Political Section.
In 1927, Mantoux left the secretariat and joined Rappard in founding
the Graduate Institute of International Studies, thereafter serving as its
co-director. Also representing the institute esd Hans Kelsen, (who had
been removed from his post at the University of Cologne in 1933 and
under whom Gross had studied as a doctoral student in Vienna), and
Ludwig von Mises, who had left Austria for Geneva in 1934. Wright was
also among the seven delegates of the Graduate Institute.^161 Also repre-
sented at the conference were a number of national coordinating com-
mittees for international studies: the Austrian, French, British and Dutch
committees. The Austrian Coordinating Committee for International
Studies (Österreichisches Koordinationskomite für Internationale
Studien) was represented by its president Bruno Dietrich, rector of
the Hochschule für Welthandel and by Alfred von Verdross of the
Konsularakademie; the French committee by Albert de Geouffre de la
Pradelle; the British committee by Hersch Lauterpacht of the LSE; and
the Dutch committee by J. H. W. Verzijl of the University of Utrecht.
As one would expect given the GRC’s funding arrangements and its
relationship with the similarly funded ISC, the European Centre of the
Carnegie Endowment and the Rockefeller Foundation were also repre-
sented at the conference. The former was represented by Davis and the
(^161) Persons Participating in the Conference on Solutions, May 21 and 22, 1937, AG
1-IICI- K-I-16.a. For Paul Mantoux’s various roles see Ginnekin, Historical Dictionary of
the League of Nations, 130. For the relation between Gross and Kelsen, see Detlev F. Vagts,
‘In Memoriam: Leo Gross (1903–1990),’ American Journal of International Law 85, no.
1 (1991): 149–50.