4 INTELLECTUAL COOPERATION IN WAR-TIME AND PLANS ... 413proposed educational and cultural organisation then under discussion.
Needham’s response was in the affirmative, although he insisted that in
order for such support to be forthcoming, the word science would need
to be included in the organisation’s title.^260
Gail Archibald points out that it was as a result of Needham’s influ-
ence that the American plan for the new organisation, which was issued
in March 1945, ‘contained multiple references to scientific cooperation
as a contribution to peace and security.’^261 However, despite its refer-
ences to scientific cooperation, the American draft, which was adopted
by CAME in April, did not suggest that the word science be incorpo-
rated into the title. Indeed, an American delegate to CAME stated in
response to exactly such a suggestion that ‘for the American public, the
word “culture” covered “science”’.^262
Needham persisted with his campaign, producing in April 1945 upon
his return to China, a memorandum in which he ‘prescribed the acro-
nym “UNESCO,” and thereafter “UNESCO” entered some internal
Department of State papers.’^263 On October 24, Huxley was assured by
Ellen Wilkinson, the British minister of education, that she would press
for science to be given titular recognition. In an article which was pub-
lished in Nature during the course of the London Conference, Huxley
challenged the contention that the term culture denoted science. He
stated that although ‘“culture” is a term of such loose definition it may
be stretched to include enough in its meaning to signify the totality of
man’s social activities,’ it is generally associated with ‘the humanities, lit-
erature and the arts and in contradistinction to science.’ He added that
‘even if culture in a partially restricted sense can be taken to include pure
science, it is difficult for most people to envisage applied science and
technology as falling within its sphere.’^264 In the event, the arguments of
(^260) Sewell, UNESCO and World Politics, 78; Archibald, ‘How the “S” Came to Be in
UNESCO,’ 38, and Winchester, The Man Who Loved China, 165n.
(^261) Archibald, ‘How the “S” Came to Be in UNESCO,’ 38.
(^262) Ibid.
(^263) Sewell, UNESCO and World Politics, 78. See also Archibald, ‘How the “S” Came to
Be in UNESCO,’ 38.
(^264) Huxley, ‘Science and the United Nations,’ 554. For Ellen Wilkinson’s assurance
concerning the titular recognition of the word science, see Sewell, UNESCO and World
Politics, 78.