456 J.-A. PEMBERTON
in Geneva during the war years. Vulcan told the meeting that he was an
observer at the UNESCO conference then taking place and it was at a ses-
sion of that conference that he had learnt of the scheduling of an admin-
istrative meeting of the ISC. Vulcan then stated that upon learning of the
meeting, he had decided that he would attend in order to represent the
Romanian Centre for Advanced International Studies of which he had
become the secretary general. In respect to the situation of the centre he
represented, Vulcan told the meeting the following:
I was able to communicate with Bucarest, but unfortunately, I am not in
a position to give you any determinate information as I left Bucarest some
time ago. I have been living in Switzerland but I know that the Centre
has resumed its activities—in fact, it never ceased to exist and, from 1942
onwards it remained, as it were, ‘under a bushel.’ Between 1940 and
1942, we lost several members of our committee, one of the most distin-
guished of whom was Professor [Virgil] Madgearu, who took part in the
Conference at Bergen [and at Milan and Prague]. He was assassinated by
the Iron Guard. While the Guard was in power it was impossible to engage
in any activity of any kind. After 1942, when the Guard had been ousted
from authority, the Committee was able to hold a few meetings and to
publish the review ‘Danubian Affairs.’^99The report on behalf of the Austrian committee was presented by
Ernest (Ernst) Lemberger, a war-time resistance fighter in France and
Austria who had undertaken a ‘dangerous but successful mission to
Vienna’ in March 1945, under the direction of Allen W. Dulles who
had been station chief of the United States Office of Strategic Services
in Switzerland.^100 Lemberger, who would later become an ambassador
at Washington, recalled the dissolution of the Austrian committee at
the time of the German occupation, following which he touched on a
(^99) Ibid., 12–13. Virgil Madgearu was a leading economist and former minister. An
anti-Fascist, he was assassinated by the Iron Guard on November 27, 1940. For Constantin
Vulcan’s position at the Centre for Advanced International Studies in Bucharest see Pitman
B. Potter to Constantin Vulcan, December 16, 1939, AG 1-IICI-K-I-24, UA.
(^100) Siegfried Beer, ‘Target Central Europe: American Intelligence Efforts Regarding
Nazi and Early Postwar Austria,’ University of Minnesota, Center for Austrian Studies
(1997), retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://hdl.
handle.net/11299/90609, and William B. Breuer, Daring Missions of World War II
(New York: Wiley, 2001), 206–8.