1 PEACEFUL CHANGE OR WAR? 49on the question of whether instruction in international relations should
be concerned solely with description or whether it should aim to pro-
mote certain ideals.^153
José Yanguas Messia, a professor of private international law at the
University of Madrid and a former minister of foreign affairs, argued
that international relations should base itself not only in facts, but also
in the ‘great rules and traditions’ of humanity.^154 Similarly, a paper sub-
mitted to the meeting by Antoni Deyring, a professor constitutional law
at the University of Lublin, discussed the study of international relations
in connection with the ‘actualisation of the law of nations in the interior
opinion of societies’: the internationalisation of international norms.^155
Joseph van Kan who had been a member of the Netherlands India
Council between 1930 and 1935 and was currently dean in the Faculty
of Law at Batavia was a delegate at Madrid of the Institute of Pacific
Relations (IPR). The IPR was an unofficial body established in Honolulu
at a conference held between June 30 and July 15, 1925, the object of
which was ‘to study the conditions of the Pacific peoples with a view to
the improvement of their mutual relations.’^156
It is worth noting here that the IPR was the chief model on which
the CISSIR-ISC was based when the latter organisation was converted
into a study conference after 1931, a development which came about
partly under the inspiration of John Bell Condliffe and Edward C.
Carter. Condliffe was a New Zealand economist who served as the IPR’s
research secretary at the International Secretariat of the IPR in Honolulu
from 1927 to 1931 before going on to join the Financial Section of
the LON Secretariat where he would compile from 1932 to 1937, the
annual World Economic Survey on behalf of the League’s Economic
Intelligence Service. At the time when moves were being made to con-
vert the CISSIR-ISC into a study conference, Carter was secretary of
American Council of the IPR. It is also worth noting that the LON sent
(^153) Ibid., 11.
(^154) Ibid., 10.
(^155) Antoni Deyring, ‘L’enseignement universitaire des relations internationales,’
Intellectual Coopération, nos. 68–69 (1936): 28–34, 30.
(^156) ‘Appendix 3: Constitution of the Institute of Pacific Relations,’ in J. B. Condliffe,
Problems of the Pacific: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Institute of Pacific
Relations, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 15 to 29, 1927 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1928), 607.